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Sejam !$ A !$ e !$ B !$ matrizes quadradas !$ n×n !$ tais que !$ A+B=A·B !$ e !$ I_n !$ a matriz identidade !$ n×n !$. Das afirmações:
I. !$ I_n-B !$ é inversível;
II. !$ I_n-A !$ é inversível;
III. !$ A·B= B·A !$.
é (são) verdadeira(s)
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WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY
THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS
When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why.[…] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding — and for society in general.
[…] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneur’s potential becomes highly central in government VCs’ decision making.
In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less — only 13%–18%, the rest going to male-owned companies.
This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. […] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. […]
Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge.
Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks.
We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings […]. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while women’s experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur.
Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didn’t. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. […]
Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isn’t being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isn’t only damaging for women entrepreneurs; it’s potentially damaging for society as a whole.
Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review <https://hbr.org/2017/05/we-recorded-vcs-conversations-and-analyzedhow- differently-they-talk-about-female-entrepreneurs>. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017.
Marque a opção que lista qualidades expostas no texto que foram colocadas em dúvida em relação às empreendedoras.
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Texto 3
Proibido para menores de 50 anos. Nos últimos meses, em meio ao debate sobre as reformas na Previdência, um ponto acabou despertando a atenção. Afinal, existem empregos para quem tem mais de 50 anos? Pendurar as chuteiras nem sempre é fácil. As vezes, pode significar uma quebra tão grande na rotina que afeta até mesmo o emocional. Foi a partir de uma experiência familiar nesta linha Que o paulistano Mórris Litvak criou a startup MaturiJobs. Trata-se de uma agência virtual de empregos, especializada em profissionais com mais de 50 anos.
(Revista Isto é Dinheiro. Mercado de Trabalho. Maio/2017. p. 6.)
Texto 4
O Brasil será, em poucas décadas, um dos países com maior número de idosos do mundo, e precisa correr para poder atendê-los no que eles têm de melhor e mais saudável: o desejo de viver com independência e autonomia. [ ... ] O mantra da velhice no século XXI é envelhecer no lugar", o que os americanos chamam de aging in place. O conceito que guia novas políticas e negócios voltados para os longevos tem como principal objetivo fazer com que as pessoas consigam permanecer em casa o maior tempo possível, sem que, para isso, precisem de um familiar por perto. Não se trata de apologia da solidão, mas de encarar um dado da realidade contemporânea: as residências não abrigam mais três gerações sob o mesmo teto e boa parte dos idosos de hoje prefere, de fato, morar sozinha, mantendo-se dona do próprio nariz.
Disponível em: <http://veja.abril.com.br/brasil/envelhecer-no-seculo-xxi/>. 18 mar. 2016. Adaptado. Acesso em: 10 ago.17.
É correto concluir que os textos 3 e 4
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AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY
Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. Due to, advances in neural sciences, it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions,as well as for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery,by employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas.
In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are also welcome.
While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation.
Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review.
Fonte: <http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1563/augmentation-of-brain-function-facts-fiction-and-controversy>. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2017.
Marque a opção que indica a que it se refere no seguinte excerto: "...it has become a matter of reality…" .
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Dois espelhos esféricos interdistantes de 50 cm, um côncavo, !$ E_1 !$, e outro convexo, !$ E_2 !$, são dispostos coaxialmente tendo a mesma distância focal de 16 cm. Uma vela é colocada diante dos espelhos perpendicularmente ao eixo principal, de modo que suas primeiras imagens conjugadas por !$ E_1 !$ e !$ E_2 !$ tenham o mesmo tamanho. Assinale a opção com as respectivas distâncias, em cm, da vela aos espelhos !$ E_1 !$ e !$ E_2 !$
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Em Senhora, de José de Alencar, há uma cena em que Aurélia sai bruscamente do jardim, onde estava com Seixas, vai para a sala e fecha as cortinas para apagar os reflexos da "claridade argentina da lua".
Assinale a opção que explica esse comportamento da personagem.
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Num plano horizontal liso, presas cada qual a uma corda de massa desprezível, as massas !$ m_1 !$ e !$ m_2 !$ giram em órbitas circulares de mesma frequência angular uniforme, respectivamente com raios !$ r_1 !$ e !$ r_2 = r_1/2 !$. Em certo instante essas massas colidem-se frontal e elasticamente e cada qual volta a perfazer um movimento circular uniforme. Sendo iguais os módulos das velocidades de !$ m_1 !$ e !$ m_2 !$ após o choque, assinale a relação !$ m_2/m_1 !$.
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Fonte: <http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/subject/The-Snert-Comics-and-Cartoons-by-Hagar+The+Horrible.php>. Acesso em: 23 mai. 2017.
A mãe de Helga pergunta "What did you ever see in that man?" porque
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Deseja-se aquecer 586 g de água pura da temperatura ambiente até 91 ºC, em pressão ambiente. Utilizando um forno de microondas convencional que emite radiação eletromagnética com frequência de 2,45 GHz e considerando a capacidade calorífica da água constante e igual a !$ 4,18\,J\,g^{-1} \,ºC^{-1} !$, assinale a alternativa que apresenta o número aproximado de fótons necessário para realizar este aquecimento.
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Sobre indicadores de pH, é ERRADO afirmar que
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