Dangerous rescue

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) fully endorses the recommendation in Common Sense, Common Safety that individual firefighters should not be at risk of investigation or prosecution, under health and safety law, if they have put themselves at risk as a result of a heroic act.

Striking the balance between operational and health and safety duties in the fire and rescue service recognises the particularly challenging nature of fire and rescue activity and the extremely dangerous environments in which firefighters have to work. It explains how fire and rescue services can comply with health and safety duties while delivering an effective operational service.

The statement makes it clear that fire and rescue services need to manage all foreseeable risk effectively and to review their operational procedures in the light of experience.

It also sets out the duty of individual firefighters, to co-operate with their officers, take reasonable care of themselves, and not endanger others. This means that firefighters should act sensibly and responsibly within the command and control of their officers; they should not act recklessly.

It is also important to recognise that firefighters should not be expected to put themselves at unreasonable risk, even in the face of sometimes unrealistic public expectations.

The HSE views the actions of firefighters as truly heroic when it is clear that they have decided to act entirely of their own volition in putting themselves at risk to protect the public or colleagues and there have been no orders or other directions from senior officers to do so and when their actions have not put other firefighters at similar high risk.

In those rare cases when a firefighter does perform an act of heroism, it is only right that the Fire and Rescue Service may sometimes recognise and commend them for their bravery.

Internet: <www.hse.gov.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the item from.

Nos acidentes automobilísticos, a explosão do tanque de combustível constitui perigo adicional à integridade física do condutor. Em regra, a explosão é causada pelo contato do combustível com faíscas geradas no impacto. A grande quantidade de calor liberada origina-se do processo de queima do combustível. A título de exemplo, a equação a seguir representa a combustão completa do etanol a 25 ºC e 1 bar.

C₂H₆O(R) + 3O₂(g) → 2CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(R) + calor

Dangerous rescue

The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) fully endorses the recommendation in Common Sense, Common Safety that individual firefighters should not be at risk of investigation or prosecution, under health and safety law, if they have put themselves at risk as a result of a heroic act.

Striking the balance between operational and health and safety duties in the fire and rescue service recognises the particularly challenging nature of fire and rescue activity and the extremely dangerous environments in which firefighters have to work. It explains how fire and rescue services can comply with health and safety duties while delivering an effective operational service.

The statement makes it clear that fire and rescue services need to manage all foreseeable risk effectively and to review their operational procedures in the light of experience.

It also sets out the duty of individual firefighters, to co-operate with their officers, take reasonable care of themselves, and not endanger others. This means that firefighters should act sensibly and responsibly within the command and control of their officers; they should not act recklessly.

It is also important to recognise that firefighters should not be expected to put themselves at unreasonable risk, even in the face of sometimes unrealistic public expectations.

The HSE views the actions of firefighters as truly heroic when it is clear that they have decided to act entirely of their own volition in putting themselves at risk to protect the public or colleagues and there have been no orders or other directions from senior officers to do so and when their actions have not put other firefighters at similar high risk.

In those rare cases when a firefighter does perform an act of heroism, it is only right that the Fire and Rescue Service may sometimes recognise and commend them for their bravery.

Internet: <www.hse.gov.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the item from.

No Brasil Império, sempre foram muito difíceis e limitados os recursos da população contra o fogo, que se expandia rapidamente, já que era usada muita madeira nas construções. Nessa época, o sinal de incêndio era dado pelos sinos das igrejas. Acorriam todos os aguadeiros com suas pipas, e também os populares, que faziam longas filas até o chafariz mais próximo, transportando de mão em mão os baldes de água, ao mesmo tempo em que se improvisavam escadas de madeira para efetuar salvamentos, retirando-se os moradores, antes que eles se atirassem das janelas dos sobrados. Se o incêndio ocorria à noite, a confusão era total, por falta de iluminação pública. Por isso, o vice-rei Luís de Vasconcelos, em ofício dirigido à Câmara, datado de 12 de julho de 1788, determinou que todos deveriam iluminar a frente de suas casas, a fim de evitar o “atropelamento”. O pânico era tanto que causava mais vítimas que o próprio fogo.

Internet: <www.brigadamilitar.rs.gov.br> (com adaptações).

As leis da física teórica e universal foram estabelecidas por Kepler, no século XVII.