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Os zoólogos em seus museus de História Natural, sem se deslocarem mais do que poucos metros e abrindo apenas algumas gavetas, puderam viajar através de todos os continentes. Muitos aspectos comuns, que não podiam ser vistos em espécies perigosas distantes no tempo e no espaço, passaram a aparecer facilmente entre o conteúdo de uma vitrina e o da próxima.
Adaptado de LOPES, M. O Brasil descobre a pesquisa científica: os museus e as ciências naturais no século XIX.
São Paulo: HUCITEC; Brasília: UnB, 2009.
No decorrer dos séculos XIX e XX, museus de História Natural foram criados em diversos países. Esses espaços buscavam não só expor curiosidades, como também promover, em novas bases, o conhecimento científico de fenômenos e seres vivos.
A promoção dessa forma de conhecimento sobre a natureza se relacionava com a seguinte sequência de procedimentos:
Provas
CHANGER LE CORPS ET SOIGNER L’ÂME
Depuis Freud, arrivé sur la scène au même moment que la chirurgie esthétique, on savait que la beauté venait de l’intérieur. Nous pouvons désormais soigner l’âme en changeant le corps; c’est en tout cas notre nouveau credo.
Nous avons le sentiment, aujourd’hui, que nous pouvons juger les gens sur leur mine. Quand nous regardons quelqu’un de beau, nous croyons “savoir” que cette personne est également bonne!
Le désir de remodeler notre corps est devenu universel... Mais il remonte au siècle des Lumières! C’est ce siècle qui affirme que nous avons le droit de changer de nom, de position sociale et donc de façonner notre corps.
Les premiers clients de la chirurgie esthétique viennent de la classe moyenne. Pourquoi? Parce que cette classe a vu dans la chirurgie esthétique un moyen de grimper dans l’échelle sociale, d’obtenir un meilleur emploi, d’éliminer certains traits ethniques qui empêchaient son avancement. Le but de l’opération est de rendre la différence invisible.
Donnons-nous actuellement plus d’importance au physique dans notre jugement sur les gens? Nous avons toujours eu tendance à penser qu’une personne agréable à regarder était meilleure, plus intelligente, voire plus vertueuse.
Les critères de beauté changent plus souvent. Ma théorie est qu’il n’y a pas de nouveaux critères de beauté, il existe plutôt un consensus sur ce qui constitue la beauté à un moment donné: celle-ci est choisie dans un “catalogue” de modèles différents.
Pourtant, quand on regarde aujourd’hui les émissions de téléréalité, on a l’impression que tout le monde se ressemble. Ce ne sont pas les médias qui nous disent ce qui est “beau”. Le type de beauté que nous voyons à la télévision ne s’imposerait pas si le public n’y était pas ouvert: nous trouvons que quelque chose est beau, les médias l’évoquent et nous renvoient cette image. Nous nous confirmons donc dans notre idée.
Vous affirmez que celui qui ne se trouve pas “beau” est malheureux. Or, être malheureux, dans notre société, c’est comme être malade. Il faut donc le soigner. Quand on sera arrivé à la moitié du XXIe siècle, on ne vous demandera pas si vous avez subi une opération chirurgicale, on vous questionnera afin de savoir pourquoi vous n’en avez pas eu! Nous entrons dans un monde où l’on pourra modifier toutes les parties du corps. La chirurgie plastique sera moins lourde, moins chère, et donc encore plus populaire. Notre corps vieillit d’une manière indépendante de notre esprit. Le grand changement à venir, c’est la possibilité de changer notre corps afin qu’il soit en harmonie avec ce que nous ressentons. C’est notre nouveau droit.
lexpress.fr
Dans les textes “O poder criativo da imperfeição” et “Changer le corps et soigner l’âme”, l’idée de changement dans le temps concerne, respectivement, les deux sujets suivants:
Provas
A ROSA DE HIROSHIMA
Pensem nas crianças
Mudas telepáticas
Pensem nas meninas
Cegas inexatas
Pensem nas mulheres
Rotas alteradas
Pensem nas feridas
Como rosas cálidas
Mas oh não se esqueçam
Da rosa da rosa
Da rosa de Hiroshima
A rosa hereditária
A rosa radioativa
Estúpida e inválida
A rosa com cirrose
A antirrosa atômica
Sem cor sem perfume
Sem rosa sem nada
viniciusdemoraes.com.br
COREIA DO NORTE REALIZA
SEU MAIOR TESTE NUCLEAR
A Coreia do Norte realizou seu maior teste nuclear em setembro de 2016 e informou ter dominado a habilidade de montar uma ogiva em míssil balístico. O teste aumenta a instabilidade na Ásia e preocupa os países da região, sobretudo Coreia do Sul, China e Japão. E.U.A., Rússia e Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) também condenaram o teste nuclear. A explosão, no dia da comemoração dos
68 anos da fundação do país, foi mais poderosa que a bomba detonada em Hiroshima, de acordo com estimativas do Ministério de Defesa da Coreia do Sul. A explosão foi tão forte que provocou um terremoto de 5 graus na escala Richter no local do teste.
Adaptado de veja.abril.com.br, 09/09/2016.
O poema de Vinícius de Moraes alude ao lançamento da primeira bomba atômica sobre a cidade japonesa de Hiroshima, em 1945. Mesmo com os acordos de restrição ao uso desse tipo de armamento, os dispositivos nucleares ainda desestabilizam as relações internacionais, como descreve a reportagem.
Com base nos textos, a principal motivação do governo da Coreia do Norte em testar esses dispositivos e o efeito que esses testes provocam são, respectivamente:
Provas
A simetria também é observada na estrutura corporal dos animais, influenciando, por exemplo, a distribuição interna dos órgãos.
Uma característica associada à simetria bilateral, presente em todos os animais com esse padrão corporal, é:
Provas
CHANGER LE CORPS ET SOIGNER L’ÂME
Depuis Freud, arrivé sur la scène au même moment que la chirurgie esthétique, on savait que la beauté venait de l’intérieur. Nous pouvons désormais soigner l’âme en changeant le corps; c’est en tout cas notre nouveau credo.
Nous avons le sentiment, aujourd’hui, que nous pouvons juger les gens sur leur mine. Quand nous regardons quelqu’un de beau, nous croyons “savoir” que cette personne est également bonne!
Le désir de remodeler notre corps est devenu universel... Mais il remonte au siècle des Lumières! C’est ce siècle qui affirme que nous avons le droit de changer de nom, de position sociale et donc de façonner notre corps.
Les premiers clients de la chirurgie esthétique viennent de la classe moyenne. Pourquoi? Parce que cette classe a vu dans la chirurgie esthétique un moyen de grimper dans l’échelle sociale, d’obtenir un meilleur emploi, d’éliminer certains traits ethniques qui empêchaient son avancement. Le but de l’opération est de rendre la différence invisible.
Donnons-nous actuellement plus d’importance au physique dans notre jugement sur les gens? Nous avons toujours eu tendance à penser qu’une personne agréable à regarder était meilleure, plus intelligente, voire plus vertueuse.
Les critères de beauté changent plus souvent. Ma théorie est qu’il n’y a pas de nouveaux critères de beauté, il existe plutôt un consensus sur ce qui constitue la beauté à un moment donné: celle-ci est choisie dans un “catalogue” de modèles différents.
Pourtant, quand on regarde aujourd’hui les émissions de téléréalité, on a l’impression que tout le monde se ressemble. Ce ne sont pas les médias qui nous disent ce qui est “beau”. Le type de beauté que nous voyons à la télévision ne s’imposerait pas si le public n’y était pas ouvert: nous trouvons que quelque chose est beau, les médias l’évoquent et nous renvoient cette image. Nous nous confirmons donc dans notre idée.
Vous affirmez que celui qui ne se trouve pas “beau” est malheureux. Or, être malheureux, dans notre société, c’est comme être malade. Il faut donc le soigner. Quand on sera arrivé à la moitié du XXIe siècle, on ne vous demandera pas si vous avez subi une opération chirurgicale, on vous questionnera afin de savoir pourquoi vous n’en avez pas eu! Nous entrons dans un monde où l’on pourra modifier toutes les parties du corps. La chirurgie plastique sera moins lourde, moins chère, et donc encore plus populaire. Notre corps vieillit d’une manière indépendante de notre esprit. Le grand changement à venir, c’est la possibilité de changer notre corps afin qu’il soit en harmonie avec ce que nous ressentons. C’est notre nouveau droit.
lexpress.fr
Il faut donc le soigner.
Un mot de même valeur que donc et le référent de le sont présents, respectivement, dans:
Provas
Our (Im)perfect bodies
Since I write a lot about positive body image, you’d think that I am well over the idea that weight should be something that I allow to define my life. Yet, the vestiges of my past life as a woman obsessed with weight still linger. A good example is vacation pictures. If I show you pictures of all the places I have been in my Iife, I can give you minute details about the place itself, the food, the sights and the weather. I can also tell you something else simply by looking at those pictures: the exact number on the scale I was at that particular time in my life.
Sometimes my past catches up with me. I like to think of myself as a recovering weight-a-holic.
The fear of being overweight is a constant one of despair at not being personally successful in controlling your own body. What good is being in control of finances, major companies and businesses if you’re not in control of your body?! Silly idea, right? And yet that is exactly the unconscious thought many intelligent women have.
Feeling satisfied with your appearance makes a tremendous amount of difference in how you present yourself to the world. Some women live their entire lives on their perception of their physical selves. But I’ve been there, done that. The hell with that idea! Personally, I became tired of living my Iife this way.
My friend is an art historian who specializes in the Renaissance period. Talking with him recently gave me a perspective on body image. As we walked through the permanent exhibit of Renaissance Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he pointed out the paintings done of women.
The women came in all sizes, all shapes. Some were curvier than others, but all were beautiful. Some had what we refer to as love handles; some had soft, fuller stomachs that had never suffered through crunches in a gym. Though I had seen them many times, it was actually refreshing to view them in a new light.
We are led to believe our self-worth must be a reflection of our looks. So, in essence, if we don’t believe we look good, we assume we have no worth! Yet, self-worth should have nothing to do with looks and everything to do with an innate feeling that you really are worth it. You are worth going after your dreams, you are worth being in a good relationship, you are worth living a life that fulfills and nourishes you, and you are certainly worthy of being a successful woman.
There is a quote attributed to Michelangelo that I’ve always admired. When a friend complimented him on the glorious Sistine Chapel, the great artist, referring to his art in the feminine form, was said to have replied: “She is worthy of admiration simply because she exists; perfection and imperfection together”.
BRISTEN HOUGHTON
Adaptado de twitter.com.
The texts “O poder criativo da imperfeição” and “Our (im)perfect bodies” discuss the concept of perfection, using examples from their respective areas.
The sentence that best represents the idea discussed in both texts is:
Provas
Our (Im)perfect bodies
Since I write a lot about positive body image, you’d think that I am well over the idea that weight should be something that I allow to define my life. Yet, the vestiges of my past life as a woman obsessed with weight still linger. A good example is vacation pictures. If I show you pictures of all the places I have been in my Iife, I can give you minute details about the place itself, the food, the sights and the weather. I can also tell you something else simply by looking at those pictures: the exact number on the scale I was at that particular time in my life.
Sometimes my past catches up with me. I like to think of myself as a recovering weight-a-holic.
The fear of being overweight is a constant one of despair at not being personally successful in controlling your own body. What good is being in control of finances, major companies and businesses if you’re not in control of your body?! Silly idea, right? And yet that is exactly the unconscious thought many intelligent women have.
Feeling satisfied with your appearance makes a tremendous amount of difference in how you present yourself to the world. Some women live their entire lives on their perception of their physical selves. But I’ve been there, done that. The hell with that idea! Personally, I became tired of living my Iife this way.
My friend is an art historian who specializes in the Renaissance period. Talking with him recently gave me a perspective on body image. As we walked through the permanent exhibit of Renaissance Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, he pointed out the paintings done of women.
The women came in all sizes, all shapes. Some were curvier than others, but all were beautiful. Some had what we refer to as love handles; some had soft, fuller stomachs that had never suffered through crunches in a gym. Though I had seen them many times, it was actually refreshing to view them in a new light.
We are led to believe our self-worth must be a reflection of our looks. So, in essence, if we don’t believe we look good, we assume we have no worth! Yet, self-worth should have nothing to do with looks and everything to do with an innate feeling that you really are worth it. You are worth going after your dreams, you are worth being in a good relationship, you are worth living a life that fulfills and nourishes you, and you are certainly worthy of being a successful woman.
There is a quote attributed to Michelangelo that I’ve always admired. When a friend complimented him on the glorious Sistine Chapel, the great artist, referring to his art in the feminine form, was said to have replied: “She is worthy of admiration simply because she exists; perfection and imperfection together”.
BRISTEN HOUGHTON
Adaptado de twitter.com.
In the last two paragraphs, the author establishes a relationship between the ideas of self-worth and one’s looks. This relationship is best expressed in:
Provas
Disciplina: Literatura Brasileira e Estrangeira
Banca: DSEA UERJ
Orgão: UERJ
A QUESTÃO REFERE-SE AO CONTO “O espelho”, do livro Primeiras estorias, de João Guimarães Rosa.
Solicito os reparos que se digne dar-me, a mim, servo do senhor, recente amigo, mas companheiro no amor da ciência, de seus transviados acertos e de seus esbarros titubeados. Sim?
No trecho final do conto, observa-se a ênfase de um recurso utilizado em todo o texto. Esse recurso produz o seguinte efeito:
Provas
O mapa milenar chinês “Yu Gong” fazia uma divisão esquemática de todo o mundo em cinco zonas retilíneas, organizadas de acordo com os quatro pontos cardeais baseados nos ventos. A civilização encontra-se no núcleo da imagem, destacando o domínio imperial. O grau de barbárie aumenta a cada quadrado que se afasta desse núcleo: governantes tributários, as regiões fronteiriças, os bárbaros “aliados” e, finalmente, a zona selvagem, sem cultura, que incluía a Europa.
Adaptado de BROTTON, J. Uma história do mundo em doze mapas. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2014.
Tal como as teorias científicas, as concepções de mundo expressas através da cartografia também são aproximações passíveis de ajustes e revisões.
No texto, a descrição do referencial utilizado para a criação de um mapa milenar chinês aponta para o seguinte aspecto, igualmente presente em documentos cartográficos de outras culturas:
Provas
Considere na imagem abaixo:
• os quadrados ACFG e ABHI, cujas áreas medem, respectivamente, S1 e S2;
• o triângulo retângulo ABC;
• o trapézio retângulo BCDE, construído sobre a hipotenusa BC, que contém o ponto X.
Sabendo que CD = CX e BE = BX, a área do trapézio BCDE é igual a:
Provas
Caderno Container