Amparo Hurtado Albir (2009) proposes that, in addition to the four language competences (listening, reading, speaking and writing), there is also a fifth one, which she calls Translation Competence. As she sees it, such competence consists in joining linguistic competences with extra-linguistic ones – i.e. of an overt cultural, psychophysiological, and strategic character. Strategic competence, in her view, may be deemed the most important one among all the aforementioned. Considering the development of Translation Competence for foreign language students, with a special focus on its strategic aspect, it is correct to affirm that:

According to Kramsch (2009), literature aids students in their development of an ability to understand the symbolic value of symbolic form and the different cultural memories evoked by different symbolic systems. Additionally, it also helps them draw on the semiotic diversity afforded by multiple languages so that they may reframe ways of seeing familiar events, create alternative realities, and find an appropriate subject position between languages. Considering Kramsch’s position about the use of literature in English classes, analyse the following statements and choose which one(s) is (are) correct:

I - Literature may be an interesting resource in English classes, as long as the teacher applies it to discuss topics familiar to the students.

II - Coherent with the intercultural perspective for foreign languages teaching, literature may be considered a useful tool for giving students an opportunity to interact with different cultures and linguistic manifestations.

III - Symbolic competence, as proposed by Kramsch, has to do with a sort of critical awareness that the literary text may be of great aid to develop.

IV - Symbolic competence refers to the ability to decode linguistic signs.