The divergence between spoken and written English is characterized by differences in lexical density, clausal complexity, and the use of deictic expressions. Based on the linguistic features of "Spoken Grammar" as described in corpus-based studies, choose the CORRECT alternative.

The noun phrase in English can reach high levels of complexity through various layers of pre-modification and post-modification. Based on the rules for noun phrase expansion and the use of appositives, choose the CORRECT alternative.

Cohesion in English is achieved through grammatical and lexical devices, as categorized in the seminal work by Halliday and Hasan. Regarding the use of substitution and ellipsis as cohesive mechanisms in discourse, mark T for True or F for False:

(   ) Substitution involves the replacement of one linguistic item by another, such as using "one" to replace a previously mentioned noun.
(   ) Ellipsis can be defined as "substitution by zero," where a clause or part of it is omitted because it is understood from the context.
(   ) Lexical cohesion is strictly limited to the repetition of the exact same word throughout a paragraph to maintain thematic unity.
(   ) Anaphoric reference occurs when a pronoun refers forward to a noun that will only be introduced in the subsequent chapter of the book.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence:

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) or Instrumental English focuses on the development of reading skills through the identification of cognates and discursive markers. Analyze the following statements regarding the methodology of ESP for academic researchers:

I. The focus of ESP is primarily on developing a deep understanding of the target professional field's lexicon and genre conventions.
II. In an instrumental approach, the learner is encouraged to use background knowledge to facilitate the top-down processing of the text.
III. Grammar is taught as an end in itself, requiring students to master all irregular verbs before attempting to read any specialized article.

Which of the following are CORRECT:

The classification of nouns in English involves complex distinctions between count and non-count categories, often shifting based on specific semantic contexts. Based on the morphosyntactic behavior of mass nouns and partitive constructions in formal English, choose the CORRECT alternative.

The syntactic arrangement of multiple attributive adjectives in English is governed by a semantic hierarchy that dictates the distance of each modifier from the head noun. Based on the standard canonical order of adjectives in a complex noun phrase, choose the CORRECT alternative.

The use of "prop-it" and "anticipatory-it" in English involves specific syntactic structures where the pronoun serves as a placeholder for a delayed subject. Based on the rules for using pronouns as formal subjects in complex sentences, choose the CORRECT alternative.

Digital literacy in English education involves the use of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) and the understanding of digital genres. Regarding the impact of technological mediation on English language teaching (ELT), mark T for True or F for False:

(   ) Blended learning combines traditional face-to-face classroom methods with online digital materials to create a more flexible learning environment.
(   ) Gamification in ELT refers to the use of game design elements in non-game contexts to increase student motivation and engagement.
(   ) Synchronous communication in digital learning environments occurs when students and teachers interact at different times using forums or emails.
(   ) Digital immigrants are individuals who were born into the digital age and possess an innate ability to master all English-speaking software.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence:

Advanced reading comprehension involves metacognitive strategies such as identifying text cohesion and inferring meaning through logical connectors. Regarding the application of reading strategies in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), mark T for True or F for False:

(   ) Scanning is a rapid reading technique used to locate specific details such as dates or names without reading the entire text.
(   ) Skimming involves reading the first and last paragraphs and topic sentences to grasp the main idea and overall organization of a text.
(   ) Predicting is a strategy that focuses exclusively on identifying the phonological patterns of words before the reader encounters them in the text.
(   ) Summarizing requires the reader to translate every single word of the original text into their native language to ensure complete comprehension.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence:

Interpreting complex academic texts requires identifying "hedging" devices used by authors to soften claims and maintain professional scientific neutrality. Regarding the pragmatic function of epistemic modality in research papers, mark T for True or F for False:

(   ) The use of modal verbs like "could" or "might" serves to indicate the tentative nature of a conclusion rather than a lack of knowledge.
(   ) Authors employ hedging to protect their professional reputation by anticipating possible opposition to their theoretical interpretations.
(   ) The presence of adverbs such as "presumably" or "likely" indicates a direct observation of facts considered indisputable by the community.
(   ) Scientific writing avoids modal distance to ensure that all presented data is perceived as an absolute truth by the reader.

After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence: