A questão refere-se ao texto destacado a seguir.

It is the standing reproach of a democratic society that it is the purgatory of genius and the paradise of mediocrity. With ourselves it has become notorious that when a man is so unfortunate as to exhibit uncommon abilities, he usually renders himself ineligible for political honors or distinctions. It would seem that the community is possessed with that groveling quality of a sordid mind which hates superiority, and would ostracize genius, as the Athenians did Aristides. One might believe it would not be unpleasing to the popular taste if some enterprising person could invent a machine for stunting intellectual development, after the fashion of idiotic barbarians who flatten the heads of their children. The masses of the community certainly appear to believe that political equality implies not only social, but should also imply intellectual equality, under pain of being severely frowned down by an outraged public opinion.

The prevalent sentiment manifests itself in many different ways. It finds expression in public conveyances and resorts and is not altogether unknown even to the pulpit. It is found to perfection in the speeches of demagogues, who feel certain they are never so successful as when their audience is satisfied that the intellect of the speaker is of no higher an order than that of the lowest intelligence among them. Worse than all, it is demonstrated in the election of public officers of nearly all grades up to the highest: of which latter it has now become quite the custom to assume that it is impossible for a man of first-rate powers to be made President of the United States.

The causes which lend to so singular a state of affairs are of an intricate and complex character. At the outset, it is difficult to realize the possibility of a system, the logical deduction from which appears to be that, if a man would rise in life, he must assiduously belittle his understanding. Perhaps it would be fairer to modify the proposition so far as to concede that ability is as useful here as elsewhere, provided the owner has the tact not to affront the sensibilities of the people by showing too much of it. No doubt a vague apprehension exists in the popular mind that shining talents are dangerous when intrusted with executive power in a republic: yet, it were a poor commentary on our institutions to intimate that, under them, for a man to be clever he must also be vicious. Experience rather teaches the contrary. If the diffusion of education, having the general tendency to elevate the understanding, is to produce more bad men than good, we had better abandon than foster our Common School system. Manifestly, we must look further for the solution of our enigma[:] that minds of moderate calibre ordinarily condemn everything which is beyond their range.

THE NEW YORK TIMES. The worship of mediocrity. 17/08/1862.

Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/1862/08/17/archives/the-

worship- of-mediocrity.html. Acesso 20/08/2020.

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, é correto afirmar que:

Considere uma lente biconvexa feita de um material com índice de refração 1,2 e raios de curvatura de 5,0 cm e 2,0 cm. Ela é imersa dentro de uma piscina e utilizada para observar um objeto de 80 cm de altura, também submerso, que se encontra afastado a 1,0 m de distância. Sendo o índice de refração da água igual a 1,3, considere as seguintes afirmativas:

I. A lente é convergente e a imagem é real.

II. A lente é divergente e a imagem é virtual.

III. A imagem está a 31 cm da lente e tem 25 cm de altura.

Considerando V como verdadeira e F como falsa, as afirmações I, II e III são, respectivamente,

Em “Teoria do medalhão”, por que o pai recomenda ao filho que use a chalaça e despreze a ironia? Assinale a alternativa correta.

Um recipiente isolado é dividido em duas partes. A região A, com volume V_A, contém um gás ideal a uma temperatura T_A. Na região B, com volume V_B = 2V_A, faz-se vácuo. Ao abrir um pequeno orifício entre as regiões, o gás da região A começa a ocupar a região B. Considerando que não há troca de calor entre o gás e o recipiente, a temperatura de equilíbrio final do sistema é

Considere as seguintes afirmações:

I. Se a medida do ângulo agudo entre uma reta !$ r !$ e um plano !$ \alpha !$ é 45º, então existe uma reta !$ s !$ contida em !$ \alpha !$ tal que a medida do ângulo agudo entre !$ r !$ e !$ s !$ é 30º.

II. Se uma reta !$ r !$ é perpendicular a duas retas distintas !$ s !$ e !$ t !$ contidas em um plano !$ \alpha !$, então !$ r !$ é perpendicular a !$ \alpha !$.

III. Sejam !$ r !$, !$ s !$ e !$ t !$ as três retas distintas determinadas por três pontos não colineares. Então, existe um único ponto equidistante de !$ r !$, !$ s !$ e !$ t !$.

IV. Se !$ P !$ e !$ Q !$ são pontos à mesma distância de um plano !$ \alpha !$, então o ponto médio do segmento !$ \overline {PQ} !$ pertence a !$ \alpha !$.

É(são) VERDADEIRA(S):

Considere as curvas de solubilidade de sais inorgânicos mostradas na figura. A respeito de alguns destes sais são feitas as seguintes afirmações:

I. Dissolvendo-se 130 g de KNO₃ em 200 g de água, a 40 °C, obteremos uma solução saturada com depósito de 70 g desta substância que não será dissolvida.

II. Se dissolvermos 20 g de Ce₂(SO₄)₃ em 300 g de água a 10 °C e, posteriormente, aquecermos esta solução a 90 °C, haverá gradativa precipitação da substância.

III. A menor quantidade de água necessária para dissolver completamente 140 g de K₂Cr₂O₇ a 90 °C é, aproximadamente, 150 g.

IV. NaNO₃ é a substância mais solúvel a 30 °C.

Das afirmações acima, está(ão) CORRETA(S)

No capítulo “Caldo entornado”, de Memórias de um sargento de milícias , lê-se: “Entretanto o zelo da comadre pôs-se em atividade, e poucos dias depois entrou ela muito contente, e veio participar ao Leonardo que lhe tinha achado um excelente arranjo que o habilitava, segundo pensava, a um grande futuro, e o punha perfeitamente a coberto das iras do Vidigal; era o arranjo de servidor na ucharia* real. Deixando de parte o substantivo ucharia, e atendendo só ao adjetivo real, todos os interessados e o próprio Leonardo regalaram os olhos com o achado da comadre.”

Sobre essa passagem, é correto afirmar:

A questão refere-se ao texto destacado a seguir.

It is the standing reproach of a democratic society that it is the purgatory of genius and the paradise of mediocrity. With ourselves it has become notorious that when a man is so unfortunate as to exhibit uncommon abilities, he usually renders himself ineligible for political honors or distinctions. It would seem that the community is possessed with that groveling quality of a sordid mind which hates superiority, and would ostracize genius, as the Athenians did Aristides. One might believe it would not be unpleasing to the popular taste if some enterprising person could invent a machine for stunting intellectual development, after the fashion of idiotic barbarians who flatten the heads of their children. The masses of the community certainly appear to believe that political equality implies not only social, but should also imply intellectual equality, under pain of being severely frowned down by an outraged public opinion.

The prevalent sentiment manifests itself in many different ways. It finds expression in public conveyances and resorts and is not altogether unknown even to the pulpit. It is found to perfection in the speeches of demagogues, who feel certain they are never so successful as when their audience is satisfied that the intellect of the speaker is of no higher an order than that of the lowest intelligence among them. Worse than all, it is demonstrated in the election of public officers of nearly all grades up to the highest: of which latter it has now become quite the custom to assume that it is impossible for a man of first-rate powers to be made President of the United States.

The causes which lend to so singular a state of affairs are of an intricate and complex character. At the outset, it is difficult to realize the possibility of a system, the logical deduction from which appears to be that, if a man would rise in life, he must assiduously belittle his understanding. Perhaps it would be fairer to modify the proposition so far as to concede that ability is as useful here as elsewhere, provided the owner has the tact not to affront the sensibilities of the people by showing too much of it. No doubt a vague apprehension exists in the popular mind that shining talents are dangerous when intrusted with executive power in a republic: yet, it were a poor commentary on our institutions to intimate that, under them, for a man to be clever he must also be vicious. Experience rather teaches the contrary. If the diffusion of education, having the general tendency to elevate the understanding, is to produce more bad men than good, we had better abandon than foster our Common School system. Manifestly, we must look further for the solution of our enigma[:] that minds of moderate calibre ordinarily condemn everything which is beyond their range.

THE NEW YORK TIMES. The worship of mediocrity. 17/08/1862.
Disponível em: https://www.nytimes.com/1862/08/17/archives/theworship-
of-mediocrity.html. Acesso 20/08/2020.

Leia atentamente as declarações destacadas. Em seguida, assinale a alternativa correta.

I. Quanto menos inteligente for um homem, mais chances ele terá de ser presidente dos Estados Unidos.

II. Quando um homem é infeliz a ponto de exibir habilidades incomuns, ele se torna inelegível para distinções políticas.

III. A declaração de que o sistema educacional deve ser abandonado se produz mais pessoas ruins que boas é irônica.

De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que:

Considere a reação genérica !$ A + 2B \rightarrow C !$, cuja lei de velocidade é dada por !$ ν = k[A]^{\alpha}[B]^{\beta} !$. Em um estudo cinético, foram obtidas as velocidades da reação em cinco experimentos distintos, em que as concentrações das espécies A e B variaram conforme a tabela abaixo.

Com base nesses experimentos, assinale a opção que apresenta os valores corretos de !$ \alpha, \beta, k, X \ e \ Y !$, respectivamente.

A Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) é uma técnica empregada para avaliar o comportamento térmico de amostras mensurando a variação de massa. A figura mostra a curva de TGA típica para o oxalato de cálcio monohidratado, submetido a uma taxa constante de aquecimento, sob fluxo de um gás inerte.

Com base nessa figura e sabendo que a massa inicial corresponde a 100%, é ERRADO afirmar que