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Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).

Based on the information provided in text CB2A6, judge the following items.

I ARPA is regarded as unparalleled in size among similar programs.

II Research findings show that the Amazon region as a whole experienced, from 2008 to 2020, less deforestation than in earlier years.

III ARPA primarily targets Indigenous peoples living in Indigenous territories.

Choose the correct option.

 

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Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).
It is correct to conclude from the meaning of the words that compose the expression "sustainable-use reserves", as used in the first sentence of the last paragraph of text CB2A6, that it refers to
 

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Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).
The word 'indeed', as used in the second paragraph of text CB2A6, functions as
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).
Considering the meanings conveyed in text CB2A6, choose the expression closest in meaning to "tangible outcomes" (first sentence of the first paragraph).
 

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Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
Based on the information provided in text CB1A6 and on its linguistic aspects, judge the following items.

I The announcement of ARPA Comunidades marked the first time that greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and their role in forest protection was demanded.
II It is correct to infer that both ARPA and ARPA Comunidades aim to help reduce deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon.
III In the second paragraph of the text, the phrase "local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources" (second sentence) can be correctly rephrased as local communities that rely on forest resources for their livelihoods in a sustainable manner.

Choose the correct option.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
It is correct to conclude that the main function of the fourth paragraph of text CB1A6 is to
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
In "It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas" (last sentence of the third paragraph of text CB1A6), "a further" can be correctly replaced, without changing the overall meaning of the sentence, with
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
As used in the third sentence of the third paragraph of text CB1A6, the phrase "Over 15 years"
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
Considering text CB1A6, choose the option that presents the word closest in meaning to "nearly" in the phrase "nearly the size of the U.K." (first sentence of the third paragraph).
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text CB1A6


    First established in 2002 by the Brazilian government, and later expanded with the support of WWF and private donors, the conservation program known as ARPA helps protect 120 conservation areas spanning more than 60 million hectares — about the size of Ukraine — of the Brazilian Amazon. The program initially worked on creating new protected areas and then on designing a durable financial mechanism to support their protection.

    A new phase, called ARPA Comunidades (Communities), is now shifting the focus to the traditional communities who live within the forest and help protect it. Half of the conservation areas covered by ARPA are sustainable-use conservation units like the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, inhabited by local communities who live sustainably off the forest‘s resources.

    Announced during the COP30 climate summit in the Amazonian city of Belém, ARPA Comunidades will focus on these 60 sustainable-use reserves, which together cover an area of 23.7 million hectares, nearly the size of the U.K. The aim is to help reduce deforestation and improve the well-being of the local populations by supporting the development of local bioeconomies. Over 15 years, the program hopes to directly impact 130,000 people. It will also seek to add a further 3 million hectares of protected areas.

    A 2023 paper by the Escolhas Institute, a Brazilian research organization, found that a 1% reduction in extreme poverty in the Brazilian Amazon has the potential to reduce deforestation by 27,000 hectares in the region.
    Greater recognition of local communities‘ needs and role in protecting the forest is not a new demand, said Carlos Durigan, a researcher at the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com> (adapted).
In the first sentence of text CB1A6, the word "spanning" can be correctly replaced, without altering the meanings of the text, with
 

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