MORE THAN 130 years ago, at the first Olympic Games in Athens, Boston University law student Thomas Burke took his mark at the 100-meter dash not in a standing position, but a crouch—what was then considered an unusual starting stance. But far more unusual, by today's standards, was his gold-medal winning time of 12 seconds flat. These days, talented middle schoolers post 100-meter times BETTER than Burke's. In March 2018, 15-year-old Briana Williams, a high school SOPHOMORE, set a world age-group record in the event with a time of 11.13 seconds. The record for boys 18-and-under is nearly a second FASTER still: Set in 2017 by Anthony Schwartz, the 10.15-second time would have won gold at 1980's Summer Games.

Today, though, on the world stage, Schwartz wouldn't even podium: In the past 30 years, only three sprinters have medaled at the Olympics with a time SLOWER than 10 seconds. Propelled by more effective training, GRIPPIER track surfaces, FASTER footwear, and, yes, pharmaceuticals, competitors at every level of track and field's premier event have steadily chipped away at the world's BEST 100-meter times. Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt holds the current world record: a sprightly 9.58 seconds. The surprisingly persistent record progression is enough to make anyone ask: When will the FASTEST people on Earth cease to become any FASTER? And when they do, what will the FASTEST time ultimately be?

(...) Which is one reason biomechanists approach the matter somewhat differently than mathematicians. They address the second question by investigating not when Bolt's record might fall, but by __________, based on the bodies of today's FASTEST sprinters. "Once they get rolling, the force they apply becomes a motion-based mechanism, where they use their limbs to throw a punch at the ground," says biomechanist Peter Weyand. As director of the Locomotor Performance Laboratory at Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Weyand invites many of the FASTEST sprinters on Earth to run in short bursts in front of high-speed, motion-tracking cameras on a bespoke, force-sensing treadmill that makes the thing you trot on at your gym look like a glorified hamster wheel.

Based on his observations, Weyand says the two BIGGEST factors limiting the performance of elite sprinters are __________force they can apply to the ground, and how fast. At current top speeds of around 27 miles per hour, he says elite male sprinters like Usain Bolt put down roughly five times their body weight, in between .085 and 0.09 seconds.

(...) That probably puts the theoretical limit for the 100 meter dash CLOSER to 9.58 than 9.00. But Weyand, for his part, thinks athletes have plenty of room to improve. "If you put together a perfect human being, and the perfect race, I could certainly see something in the low 9.40-second range, maybe a little bit FASTER than that, under currently legal conditions," he says.

Complete the blanks with how many or how much in order of appearance.

TO FIGURE OUT how and when ancient fish first CRAWLED from the ocean onto land, Neil Shubin is about to head to the mountains of Antarctica. Leaving behind family and friends for the upcoming holidays, __________ and a team of five other scientists and a mountain guide will be camping at the base of a remote mountain range that was a tropical river delta around 385 million years ago.

Using ropes and climbing gear, the scientists will be scouring cliffs and ridge lines for fossil deposits containing the earliest tetrapods, or four-limbed animals. This is the latest expedition on a fossil-hunting career that has taken Shubin to places as disparate as Ethiopia, West Virginia, and the two poles. To understand better the development of fish into land animals, __________ has to locate fossils that tell __________ the speed and direction of evolution.__________

We are looking to find the intermediates between water and land,‖ says Shubin, a vertebrate paleontologist at the University of Chicago. ―To do that, we need to find rocks that are the right type, the right age and that are exposed.‖

The fossils __________ hopes to find are preserved in sedimentary deposits that exist in several places around the globe, but what makes Antarctica special for fossil hunters is the fact that there is no rain or snow to erode THEM away.

After the fish DIED those millions of years ago, THEY were covered by layers of silt and mud in the river delta. Over time, that mud TURNED to rock, and the bones BECAME fossilized. Now the fossils are part of the Transantarctic Mountains, a 2,000-mile spiny ridge that divides East and West Antarctica and is dotted with deep crevasses and treacherous glaciers. The same dry, cold conditions that make life impossible for almost all current life forms (except microscopic algae or bacteria) in these mountains help preserve fossils for millions of years.

(By Erick Niller, adapted)

In line 29, THEY refer to:

The twelth month of the year is _____________.

Cipriano Carlos Luckesi diferencia avaliação de exame. Marque a opção que caracteriza o exame.

De acordo com a Literatura sobre as Teorias da Aprendizagem, associe V às afirmativas verdadeiras e F às falsas.
( ) O behaviorismo é uma abordagem periférica, pois não tem como enfoque o que acontece na mente do indivíduo. Preocupa-se com o comportamento observável. Para essa abordagem é possível controlar o comportamento através de estímulos. O comportamento é regido por processos neurológicos que obedecem a certas leis.
( ) Carl Rogers foi o principal idealizador da teoria que foi nomeada como Humanista, pois defendeu que a aprendizagem se dá pela “pessoa inteira”. A ideia principal dessa abordagem é a de que pensamentos, sentimentos e ações estão integrados e que a aprendizagem exige participação ativa, voluntária e responsável do indivíduo.
( ) Piaget, Vygotsky e Ausubel representam, entre outros autores, as teorias cognitivistas. Piaget defende que a aprendizagem significativa é um processo no qual uma nova informação específica faz ancoradouro em conceitos prévios mais gerais, formando assim uma estrutura hierárquica de conceitos. Para Vygotsky, o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem não pode ser compreendido sem fazer referência ao contexto sociocultural onde ele ocorre. Ausebel apresenta os períodos de desenvolvimento mental e desenvolve os conceitos-chave de assimilação, acomodação e equilibração.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta.

TO FIGURE OUT how and when ancient fish first CRAWLED from the ocean onto land, Neil Shubin is about to head to the mountains of Antarctica. Leaving behind family and friends for the upcoming holidays, __________ and a team of five other scientists and a mountain guide will be camping at the base of a remote mountain range that was a tropical river delta around 385 million years ago.

Using ropes and climbing gear, the scientists will be scouring cliffs and ridge lines for fossil deposits containing the earliest tetrapods, or four-limbed animals. This is the latest expedition on a fossil-hunting career that has taken Shubin to places as disparate as Ethiopia, West Virginia, and the two poles. To understand better the development of fish into land animals, __________ has to locate fossils that tell __________ the speed and direction of evolution.__________

We are looking to find the intermediates between water and land,‖ says Shubin, a vertebrate paleontologist at the University of Chicago. ―To do that, we need to find rocks that are the right type, the right age and that are exposed.‖

The fossils __________ hopes to find are preserved in sedimentary deposits that exist in several places around the globe, but what makes Antarctica special for fossil hunters is the fact that there is no rain or snow to erode THEM away.

After the fish DIED those millions of years ago, THEY were covered by layers of silt and mud in the river delta. Over time, that mud TURNED to rock, and the bones BECAME fossilized. Now the fossils are part of the Transantarctic Mountains, a 2,000-mile spiny ridge that divides East and West Antarctica and is dotted with deep crevasses and treacherous glaciers. The same dry, cold conditions that make life impossible for almost all current life forms (except microscopic algae or bacteria) in these mountains help preserve fossils for millions of years.

(By Erick Niller, adapted)

Which option best relates to the verb in the past tense in lines 2, 30 and 31?

TO FIGURE OUT how and when ancient fish first CRAWLED from the ocean onto land, Neil Shubin is about to head to the mountains of Antarctica. Leaving behind family and friends for the upcoming holidays, __________ and a team of five other scientists and a mountain guide will be camping at the base of a remote mountain range that was a tropical river delta around 385 million years ago.

Using ropes and climbing gear, the scientists will be scouring cliffs and ridge lines for fossil deposits containing the earliest tetrapods, or four-limbed animals. This is the latest expedition on a fossil-hunting career that has taken Shubin to places as disparate as Ethiopia, West Virginia, and the two poles. To understand better the development of fish into land animals, __________ has to locate fossils that tell __________ the speed and direction of evolution.__________

We are looking to find the intermediates between water and land,‖ says Shubin, a vertebrate paleontologist at the University of Chicago. ―To do that, we need to find rocks that are the right type, the right age and that are exposed.‖

The fossils __________ hopes to find are preserved in sedimentary deposits that exist in several places around the globe, but what makes Antarctica special for fossil hunters is the fact that there is no rain or snow to erode THEM away.

After the fish DIED those millions of years ago, THEY were covered by layers of silt and mud in the river delta. Over time, that mud TURNED to rock, and the bones BECAME fossilized. Now the fossils are part of the Transantarctic Mountains, a 2,000-mile spiny ridge that divides East and West Antarctica and is dotted with deep crevasses and treacherous glaciers. The same dry, cold conditions that make life impossible for almost all current life forms (except microscopic algae or bacteria) in these mountains help preserve fossils for millions of years.

(By Erick Niller, adapted)

The term THEM in line 27 refers to:

Segundo a Lei 9.394/96, o ensino será ministrado com base nos seguintes princípios:

I. Respeito à liberdade e apreço à tolerância.

II. Pluralismo de ideias e de concepções pedagógicas.

III. Liberdade de aprender, ensinar, pesquisar e divulgar a cultura, o pensamento, a arte e o saber.

IV. Consideração com a diversidade étnico-racial.

V. Valorização do professor da educação escolar.

Assinale a alternativa com o(s) item(s) correto(s):

De acordo com Libâneo (2006), a Didática pode serdefinida como:

Gadotti (2000), analisando a dimensão política e diretiva do projeto político pedagógico, afirma que não se constrói um projeto sem uma direção política. Nesse sentido o projeto pedagógico da escola é: