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TEXT
Music therapy with cancer patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, in Germany and in many other industrialized countries. In 2007, about 12 million people were diagnosed with cancer worldwide with a mortality rate of 7.6 million (American Cancer Society, 2007). In the industrial countries, the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men are prostate cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Women are most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer.
The symptoms of cancer depend on the type of the disease, but there are common symptoms caused by cancer and/or by its medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation). Common physical symptoms are pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, nausea (feeling sick, vomiting), dizziness, limited physical activity, hair loss, a sore mouth/throat and bowel problems. Cancer also often causes psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, mood disturbances, stress, insecurity, grief and decreased self-esteem. This, in turn, can implicate social consequences. Social isolation can occur due to physical or psychological symptoms (for example, feeling too tired to meet friends, cutting oneself off due to depressive complaints).
Besides conventional pharmacological treatments of cancer, there are treatments to meet psychological and physical needs of the patient. Psychological consequences of cancer, such as depression, anxiety or loss of control, can be counteracted by psychotherapy. For example, within cognitive therapy cancer patients may develop coping strategies to handle the disease. Research indicates that music therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy, can have positive effects on both physiological and psychological symptoms of cancer patients as well as in acute or palliative situations.
There are several definitions of music therapy. According to the World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT, 1996), music therapy is: “the use of music and/or its music elements (sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) by a qualified music therapist, with a client or group, in a process designed to facilitate and promote communication, relationship, learning, mobilization, expression, organization, and other relevant therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional, mental, social and cognitive needs”.
The Dutch Music Therapy Association (NVCT, 1999) defines music therapy as “a methodological form of assistance in which musical means are used within a therapeutic relation to manage changes, developments, stabilisation or acceptance on the emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social or on the physical field”.
The assumption is that the patient's musical behaviour conforms to their general behaviour. The starting points are the features of the patient's specific disorder or disease pattern. There is an analogy between psychological problems and musical behaviour, which means that emotions can be expressed musically. For patients who have difficulties in expressing emotions, music therapy can be a useful medium. Music therapy might be a useful intervention for breast cancer patients in order to facilitate and enhance their emotional expressivity. Besides analogy, there are further qualities of music that can be beneficial within therapeutic treatment. One of these qualities is symbolism: music can symbolize persons, objects, incidents, experiences or memories of daily life. Therefore, music is a reality, which represents another reality. The symbolism of the musical reality enables the patient to deal safely with the other reality for it evokes memories about persons, objects or incidents. These associations can be perceived as positive or negative, so they release emotions in the patient.
Music therapy both addresses physical and psychological needs of the patient. Numerous studies indicate that music therapy can be beneficial to both acute cancer patients and palliative cancer patients in the final stage of disease.
Most research with acute cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, surgery or stem cell transplantation examined the effectiveness of receptive music therapy. Listening to music during chemotherapy, either played live by the music therapist or from tape has a positive effect on pain perception, relaxation, anxiety and mood. There was also found a decrease in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate and an improvement in fatigue; insomnia and appetite loss could be significantly decreased in patients older than 45 years. Further improvements by receptive music therapy were found for physical comfort, vitality, dizziness and tolerability of the chemotherapy. A study with patients undergoing surgery found that receptive music therapy led to decreased anxiety, stress and relaxation levels before, during and after surgery. Music therapy can also be applied in palliative situations, for example to patients with terminal cancer who live in hospices.
Studies indicate that music therapy may be beneficial for cancer patients in acute and palliative situations, but the benefits of music therapy for convalescing cancer patients remain unclear. Whereas music therapy interventions for acute and palliative patients often focus on physiological and psychosomatic symptoms, such as pain perception and reducing medical side-effects, music therapy with posthospital curative treatment could have its main focus on psychological aspects. A cancer patient is not free from cancer until five years after the tumour ablation. The patient fears that the cancer has not been defeated. In this stage of the disease, patients frequently feel insecure, depressive and are emotionally unstable. How to handle irksome and negative emotions is an important issue for many oncology patients. After the difficult period of the medical treatment, which they often have overcome in a prosaic way by masking emotions, patients often express the wish to become aware of themselves again. They may wish to grapple with negative emotions due to their disease. Other patients wish to experience positive feelings, such as enjoyment and vitality.
The results indicate that music therapy can also have positive influences on well-being of cancer patients in the post-hospital curative stage as well as they offer valuable information about patients' needs in this state of treatment and how effects can be dealt with properly.
(Adapted from https://essay.utwente.nl/59115/1/scriptie_F_Teiwes.pdf - Access on 25/02/19)
Mark the sentence in which “that” can correctly replace the pronoun.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
TEXT
Music therapy with cancer patients
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, in Germany and in many other industrialized countries. In 2007, about 12 million people were diagnosed with cancer worldwide with a mortality rate of 7.6 million (American Cancer Society, 2007). In the industrial countries, the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men are prostate cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Women are most commonly diagnosed with breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer.
The symptoms of cancer depend on the type of the disease, but there are common symptoms caused by cancer and/or by its medical treatment (e.g., chemotherapy and radiation). Common physical symptoms are pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, nausea (feeling sick, vomiting), dizziness, limited physical activity, hair loss, a sore mouth/throat and bowel problems. Cancer also often causes psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, mood disturbances, stress, insecurity, grief and decreased self-esteem. This, in turn, can implicate social consequences. Social isolation can occur due to physical or psychological symptoms (for example, feeling too tired to meet friends, cutting oneself off due to depressive complaints).
Besides conventional pharmacological treatments of cancer, there are treatments to meet psychological and physical needs of the patient. Psychological consequences of cancer, such as depression, anxiety or loss of control, can be counteracted by psychotherapy. For example, within cognitive therapy cancer patients may develop coping strategies to handle the disease. Research indicates that music therapy, which is a form of psychotherapy, can have positive effects on both physiological and psychological symptoms of cancer patients as well as in acute or palliative situations.
There are several definitions of music therapy. According to the World Federation of Music Therapy (WFMT, 1996), music therapy is: “the use of music and/or its music elements (sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) by a qualified music therapist, with a client or group, in a process designed to facilitate and promote communication, relationship, learning, mobilization, expression, organization, and other relevant therapeutic objectives, in order to meet physical, emotional, mental, social and cognitive needs”.
The Dutch Music Therapy Association (NVCT, 1999) defines music therapy as “a methodological form of assistance in which musical means are used within a therapeutic relation to manage changes, developments, stabilisation or acceptance on the emotional, behavioural, cognitive, social or on the physical field”.
The assumption is that the patient's musical behaviour conforms to their general behaviour. The starting points are the features of the patient's specific disorder or disease pattern. There is an analogy between psychological problems and musical behaviour, which means that emotions can be expressed musically. For patients who have difficulties in expressing emotions, music therapy can be a useful medium. Music therapy might be a useful intervention for breast cancer patients in order to facilitate and enhance their emotional expressivity. Besides analogy, there are further qualities of music that can be beneficial within therapeutic treatment. One of these qualities is symbolism: music can symbolize persons, objects, incidents, experiences or memories of daily life. Therefore, music is a reality, which represents another reality. The symbolism of the musical reality enables the patient to deal safely with the other reality for it evokes memories about persons, objects or incidents. These associations can be perceived as positive or negative, so they release emotions in the patient.
Music therapy both addresses physical and psychological needs of the patient. Numerous studies indicate that music therapy can be beneficial to both acute cancer patients and palliative cancer patients in the final stage of disease.
Most research with acute cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, surgery or stem cell transplantation examined the effectiveness of receptive music therapy. Listening to music during chemotherapy, either played live by the music therapist or from tape has a positive effect on pain perception, relaxation, anxiety and mood. There was also found a decrease in diastolic blood pressure or heart rate and an improvement in fatigue; insomnia and appetite loss could be significantly decreased in patients older than 45 years. Further improvements by receptive music therapy were found for physical comfort, vitality, dizziness and tolerability of the chemotherapy. A study with patients undergoing surgery found that receptive music therapy led to decreased anxiety, stress and relaxation levels before, during and after surgery. Music therapy can also be applied in palliative situations, for example to patients with terminal cancer who live in hospices.
Studies indicate that music therapy may be beneficial for cancer patients in acute and palliative situations, but the benefits of music therapy for convalescing cancer patients remain unclear. Whereas music therapy interventions for acute and palliative patients often focus on physiological and psychosomatic symptoms, such as pain perception and reducing medical side-effects, music therapy with posthospital curative treatment could have its main focus on psychological aspects. A cancer patient is not free from cancer until five years after the tumour ablation. The patient fears that the cancer has not been defeated. In this stage of the disease, patients frequently feel insecure, depressive and are emotionally unstable. How to handle irksome and negative emotions is an important issue for many oncology patients. After the difficult period of the medical treatment, which they often have overcome in a prosaic way by masking emotions, patients often express the wish to become aware of themselves again. They may wish to grapple with negative emotions due to their disease. Other patients wish to experience positive feelings, such as enjoyment and vitality.
The results indicate that music therapy can also have positive influences on well-being of cancer patients in the post-hospital curative stage as well as they offer valuable information about patients' needs in this state of treatment and how effects can be dealt with properly.
(Adapted from https://essay.utwente.nl/59115/1/scriptie_F_Teiwes.pdf - Access on 25/02/19)
Mark the alternative that LACKS the correct synonym for the underlined word.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Uma pesquisa foi realizada com um grupo de Cadetes da AFA.
Esses Cadetes afirmaram que praticam, pelo menos uma, dentre as modalidades esportivas: voleibol, natação e atletismo. Obteve-se, após a pesquisa, os seguintes resultados:
I) Dos 66 Cadetes que praticam voleibol, 25 não praticam outra modalidade esportiva;
II) Dos 68 Cadetes que praticam natação, 29 não praticam outra modalidade esportiva;
III) Dos 70 Cadetes que praticam atletismo, 26 não praticam outra modalidade esportiva e
IV) 6 Cadetes praticam as três modalidades esportivas.
Marque a alternativa FALSA. A quantidade de Cadetes que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Em uma roda gigante, a altura h, em metros, em que uma pessoa se encontra, em relação ao solo, no instante t, em segundos, é dada pela função !$ h : IR → IR\ !$ , definida por h(t) = A + Bsen(Ct) , em que A, B e C são constantes reais.
A figura a seguir ilustra o gráfico dessa função, no intervalo [ 0, 150 ]
Analise cada proposição abaixo quanto a ser (V) Verdadeira ou (F) Falsa.
( ) !$ \mid A \cdot B \cdot C \mid = \pi !$
( ) No instante t = 20 s , a pessoa estará a uma altura h tal que !$ h\,\,\in\, [ 17;5\,17,8 ] !$
( ) A função real f definida por f(t) = 10 - cos
!$ \begin{pmatrix} {\large 3 \pi \over 2} - {\large \pi \over 60} t \end{pmatrix} !$ é idêntica à função h
Sobre as proposições, tem-se que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Em umas das extremidades de um loteamento há um terreno triangular que será aproveitado para preservar a área verde tendo em seu interior uma região quadrada que será pavimentada e destinada a lazer. Levando as medidas desse projeto, em metros, para o plano cartesiano, em uma escala de 100 :1 , tem-se:
• O é a origem do plano cartesiano;
• O, P e Q são os vértices do terreno triangular;
• dois vértices do triângulo são os pontos P(− ,2, 0) e Q (0,6) e dois de seus lados estão contidos nos eixos cartesianos;
• O, M, R e N são os vértices da região quadrada;
• a área da região quadrada tem três vértices consecutivos M, O e N sobre os eixos cartesianos; e
• R está alinhado com P e Q
Assim, pode-se afirmar que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
TEXTO II
Em 1934, um redator de Nova York chamado Robert Pirosh largou o emprego bem remunerado numa agência de publicidade e rumou para Hollywood, decidido a trabalhar como roteirista. Lá chegando, anotou o nome e o endereço de todos os diretores, produtores e executivos que conseguiu encontrar e enviou-lhes o que certamente é o pedido de emprego mais eficaz que alguém já escreveu, pois resultou em três entrevistas, uma das quais lhe rendeu o cargo de roteirista assistente na MGM.
Prezado senhor:
Gosto de palavras. Gosto de palavras gordas, untuosas, como lodo, torpitude, glutinoso, bajulador. Gosto de palavras solenes, como pudico, ranzinza, pecunioso, valetudinário. Gosto de palavras espúrias, enganosas, como mortiço, liquidar, tonsura, mundana. Gosto de suaves palavras com “V”, como Svengali, avesso, bravura, verve. Gosto de palavras crocantes, quebradiças, crepitantes, como estilha, croque, esbarrão, crosta. Gosto de palavras emburradas, carrancudas, amuadas, como furtivo, macambúzio, escabioso, sovina. Gosto de palavras chocantes, exclamativas, enfáticas, como astuto, estafante, requintado, horrendo. Gosto de palavras elegantes, rebuscadas, como estival, peregrinação, Elísio, Alcíone. Gosto de palavras vermiformes, contorcidas, farinhentas, como rastejar, choramingar, guinchar, gotejar. Gosto de palavras escorregadias, risonhas, como topete, borbulhão, arroto.
Gosto mais da palavra roteirista que da palavra redator, e por isso resolvi largar meu emprego numa agência de publicidade de Nova York e tentar a sorte em Hollywood, mas, antes de dar o grande salto, fui para a Europa, onde passei um ano estudando, contemplando e perambulando.
Acabei de voltar e ainda gosto de palavras.
Posso trocar algumas com o senhor?
Robert Pirosh
Madison Avenue, 385
Quarto 610
Nova York
Eldorado 5-6024.
(USHER, Shaun .(Org) Cartas extraordinárias: a correspondência inesquecível de pessoas notáveis. Trad. de Hildegard Feist. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014.p.48.)
Analisando a forma e o objetivo do texto II, é correto afirmar que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Uma carga positiva Q distribui-se uniformemente ao longo de um anel fixo não-condutor de centro C. No ponto P, sobre o eixo do anel, abandona-se em repouso uma partícula com carga elétrica q, conforme ilustrado na figura abaixo.
Sabe-se que depois de um certo tempo essa partícula passa pelo centro C do anel. Considerando apenas as interações elétricas entre as cargas Q e q, pode-se afirmar que
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Um telescópio refrator é construído com uma objetiva acromática formada pela justaposição de duas lentes esféricas delgadas, uma convexo-côncava, de índice de refração n1 e raios de curvatura R e 2R; e a outra biconvexa de índice de refração n !$ _2 !$ e raio de curvatura R.
Já a ocular é uma lente esférica delgada simples com uma distância focal que permite um aumento máximo para o telescópio igual, em módulo, a 5.
Observando-se através desse telescópio um objeto muito distante, uma imagem final imprópria é conjugada por esse instrumento.
Considere que o telescópio seja utilizado em condições usuais nas quais é mínima a distância L entre as lentes objetiva e ocular, que o local onde a observação é realizada tenha índice de refração constante e igual a 1; e que sejam desprezadas as características do sistema óptico do observador.
Nessas condições, o comprimento mínimo L desse telescópio será dado por
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
TEXTO II
Em 1934, um redator de Nova York chamado Robert Pirosh largou o emprego bem remunerado numa agência de publicidade e rumou para Hollywood, decidido a trabalhar como roteirista. Lá chegando, anotou o nome e o endereço de todos os diretores, produtores e executivos que conseguiu encontrar e enviou-lhes o que certamente é o pedido de emprego mais eficaz que alguém já escreveu, pois resultou em três entrevistas, uma das quais lhe rendeu o cargo de roteirista assistente na MGM.
Prezado senhor:
Gosto de palavras. Gosto de palavras gordas, untuosas, como lodo, torpitude, glutinoso, bajulador. Gosto de palavras solenes, como pudico, ranzinza, pecunioso, valetudinário. Gosto de palavras espúrias, enganosas, como mortiço, liquidar, tonsura, mundana. Gosto de suaves palavras com “V”, como Svengali, avesso, bravura, verve. Gosto de palavras crocantes, quebradiças, crepitantes, como estilha, croque, esbarrão, crosta. Gosto de palavras emburradas, carrancudas, amuadas, como furtivo, macambúzio, escabioso, sovina. Gosto de palavras chocantes, exclamativas, enfáticas, como astuto, estafante, requintado, horrendo. Gosto de palavras elegantes, rebuscadas, como estival, peregrinação, Elísio, Alcíone. Gosto de palavras vermiformes, contorcidas, farinhentas, como rastejar, choramingar, guinchar, gotejar. Gosto de palavras escorregadias, risonhas, como topete, borbulhão, arroto.
Gosto mais da palavra roteirista que da palavra redator, e por isso resolvi largar meu emprego numa agência de publicidade de Nova York e tentar a sorte em Hollywood, mas, antes de dar o grande salto, fui para a Europa, onde passei um ano estudando, contemplando e perambulando.
Acabei de voltar e ainda gosto de palavras.
Posso trocar algumas com o senhor?
Robert Pirosh
Madison Avenue, 385
Quarto 610
Nova York
Eldorado 5-6024.
(USHER, Shaun .(Org) Cartas extraordinárias: a correspondência inesquecível de pessoas notáveis. Trad. de Hildegard Feist. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2014.p.48.)
Observando as palavras destacadas nos itens abaixo e levando em consideração os exemplos citados pelo locutor para explicar aquelas das quais ele gosta, assinale a alternativa em que a substituição sugerida entre parênteses alteraria o sentido da frase.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Numa aula de Biologia da turma Delta do Colégio LOG, os alunos observam o crescimento de uma cultura de bactérias.
Inicialmente tem-se uma amostra com 3 bactérias. Após várias observações, eles concluíram que o número de bactérias dobra a cada meia hora.
Os alunos associaram as observações realizadas a uma fórmula matemática, que representa o número f de bactérias da amostra, em função de n horas.
A partir da fórmula matemática obtida na análise desses alunos durante a aula de Biologia, o professor de matemática da turma Delta propôs que eles resolvessem a questão abaixo, com n !$ ∈ !$ !$ \mathbb N !$.
Se !$ g(n) = log_2 [ f(n)],\,\,\,\,log 2 = 0,30 !$ e !$ log 3 = 0,48 !$, então !$ \sum_{n=1}^{100} g (n) !$ é um número cuja soma dos algarismos é
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Cadernos
Caderno Container