O leitor proficiente utiliza estratégias metacognitivas para abordar o texto de maneira eficiente. Acerca das estratégias de 'Skimming' e 'Scanning', marque V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas.
(__) 'Skimming' é uma leitura rápida focada em obter a essência (gist) ou a organização geral do texto.
(__) 'Scanning' envolve mover os olhos rapidamente pelo texto em busca de uma informação específica.
(__) Ambas as estratégias exigem a leitura linear e sequencial de cada palavra do texto para serem eficazes.
(__) O 'Scanning' é cognitivamente menos exigente que a leitura intensiva, pois ignora detalhes irrelevantes.
Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:

O Sintagma Adverbial (Adverb Phrase) tem como núcleo um advérbio e pode conter modificadores. Acerca da estrutura desse sintagma, marque V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas.
(__) O núcleo adverbial pode ser pré-modificado por intensificadores como 'very', 'quite' e 'rather'.
(__) Sintagmas adverbiais funcionam primariamente como adjuntos adverbiais na oração.
(__) É impossível que um sintagma adverbial modifique outro advérbio dentro da mesma oração.
(__) A comparação de advérbios segue regras morfológicas similares às dos adjetivos (er/more).
Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:

As orações em inglês são conectadas por conjunções que estabelecem relações lógicas específicas, determinando a estrutura sintática (paratática ou hipotática). Assinale a alternativa que descreve CORRETAMENTE o uso dos conectivos.

Available in: https://www.coachingexpatriates.com/why-miscommunication-happens-in-global-work-environments/. Acess on: Feb. 2, 2026.

According to the text, there is misunderstanding because

Read these definitions of global and multicultural education.

Chapter 3

Theoretical Foundation of Critical Literacies and Global and Multicultural Education

In this chapter, I invite the reader to a more in-depth discussion on critical literacies from global and multicultural perspectives by presenting important theoretical constructs of each field. I first provide a historical and theoretical review of global and multicultural education, followed by the literature review of critical literacies, including relevant definitions. Overall, this chapter serves as the literature review of the three areas. Through this review, I attempt to answer the question on why global and multicultural perspectives matter in the field of critical literacies.

Global Education

The notions of “global” and “multicultural” are different in their theoretical orientation. The former was developed in response to international issues, while the latter was developed in response to national minority struggles in the U.S. This difference of visions and orientations is important as it highlights the difference in scope: global education traditionally is concerned with educational dilemmas that are relevant across nations and continents. It, therefore, covers a broader spectrum of issues such as intercultural relations. Rapid globalization driven by the Internet and human migration highlighted the need for global education and propelled scholarly attention to such matters. Philosophically speaking, global education is based on recognizing core human rights and it pertains to the notion of moral universalism. Namely, it is based on the view that human beings are created equal.

Multicultural Education

Research on multicultural education has flourished around the globe. In particular, in the U.S. historical context, it emerged with the American Civil Rights Movement. Unlike global education, multicultural education focuses more on national issues, specifically learning about cultures within the state. With its original purpose from the early 1960s and 1970s to address racism in schools and societies, early discussions on race and ethnicity focused on African Americans and were spearheaded by African American scholars. This type of ethnic studies has been the first phase in the development of multicultural education as a field. Since then, more multicultural theorists began to analyze the power issues underlying race and inequality, as well as other topics such as social class gaps and economic discrimination.

YOON, Bogum. Critical Literacies. Global and Multicultural Perspectives. New York: Springer, 2016, pp. 26-29. (Adapted).

We could define the idea of global and multicultural literacies respectively as

Available in: https://www.pressenza.com/2017/12/respecting-personal-cultural-diversity-national-talent-competition-2017/.

Acess on: Jan. 20, 2026. According to the brochure,

You and your whole race

Langston Hughes (1901-1967)

You and your whole race.

Look down upon the town in which you live

And be ashamed.

Look down upon white folks

And upon yourselves

And be ashamed

That such supine poverty exists there,

That such stupid ignorance breeds children there

Behind such humble shelters of despair —

That you yourselves have not the sense to care

Nor the manhood to stand up and say

I dare you to come one step nearer, evil world,

With your hands of greed seeking to touch my throat, I dare you to come one step nearer me:

When you can say that

you will be free!

Available in: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/. Acess on: Feb. 3, 2026.

Given the statements regarding plausible interpretations of poem,

I. The lyrical subject calls attention to segregation and social differences.

II. The lyrical subject believes people should not have any more children.

III. The lyrical subject appears to reject passivity and embrace resistance.

IV. “Hands of greed” can be read as a metaphor for dominant groups.

it appears that only the following are correct

(original poem in Jamaican patois)

Wat a joyful news, Miss Mattie,

I feel like my heart gwine burs

Jamaica people colonizing

Englan in reverse. …

[…]

For wen dem ketch a Englan,

And start play dem different role,

Some will settle down to work

An some will settle fe de dole…

[…]

Me say Jane will never fine work

At de rate how she dah look,

For all day she stay pon Aunt Fan couch

An read love-story book.

Wat a devilment a Englan!

Dem face war an brave de worse

But me wonderin how dem gwine stan

Colonizin in reverse.

[…]

(“translated” poem)

What joyful news, Miss Mattie,

I feel like my heart is going to burst

Jamaica people colonizing

England in reverse. …

For when they get to England,

And start to play their different role,

Some will settle down to work

And some will settle for the dole

I say Jane will never find work

Given how she is looking,

For all day she stays on Aunt Fan’s couch

And reads a love-story book.

Goodness me, England!

They faced war and braved worse

But I am wondering how they are going to stand

Colonizing in reverse.

Available in: https://www.poetrybyheart.org.uk/poems/colonization-in-reverse. Acess on: Jan. 30, 2026.

From a decolonial perspective, select the correct interpretation of the poem.

Language Pedagogy and Teacher Identity:

A Decolonial Lens to English Language Teaching from a Teacher Educator’s Experience

[...] Identity is a central category in ELT (English Language Teaching). For instance, several studies have been conducted to document English language teachers’ identities (ELTIs) and how they are constructed [...]. However, identity continues to be seen and researched within what Mignolo (2009) labels as the colonial difference. The colonial difference operates by converting differences into values and establishing a hierarchy of human beings ontologically and epistemically. Ontologically, it is assumed that there are inferior human beings. Epistemically, it is assumed that inferior human beings are rationally and aesthetically deficient.

In this respect, the ELT field has witnessed how colonial constructions of ELTIs have been combined with factors such as race, gender, ethnicity, class, language, and others [...].

Therefore, ELP (English Language Pedagogy) is a remnant of coloniality. In particular, ELP in ELT has separated the subjects from their bodies/identitary features and their geographical location regarding the teaching practice [...]. This attempt is evident in the insertion of the notion of competence as the only discourse mostly reproduced in teaching and teacher education. This unidirectional/dimensional discourse is what has caused that “English language teaching and learning identities are more oriented towards that goal of identifying decontextualized forms of being in the field of teaching” (Castañeda-Peña, 2018, p. 18). For instance, Grosfoguel (2010), when discussing coloniality, claims that: “By breaking the link between the subject of enunciation and the ethnic/racial/sexual/gender/epistemic place, Western philosophy and science manage to create a myth about a real universal knowledge that masks, that is, conceals not only the speaker but also the epistemic, geo and body-political place of the structures of colonial power/knowledge from which the subject speaks [...].

In line with decoloniality by Mignolo and Walsh (2018), we think of ELP otherwise – as “the ongoing serpentine movement toward possibilities of other modes of being, thinking, knowing, sensing, and living”; a movement only possible if those who enact ELP name it, reclaim it, and commit to “changing, disrupting, and dismantling the hegemonic relations” [...].

Therefore, I would like to resort to intersectionality – the intersection of different identitary features – to allow the recognition of whom we are based on what we do, as “who we are and from where we speak is highly relevant for the intellectual projects we are likely to pursue” (Moya, 2011, p. 79). Intersectionality can assist in claiming agency (Stone-Mediatore, 2003) in spaces and territories where colonial histories have been present [...].

Intersectional narratives are then discursive representations of experience in which there is conceptual integration among those conversing. In fact, intersectional narratives serve this study to ground concepts and interpretations for “knowledge co-creation, in which researchers and participants develop shared understandings and develop new ideas” (Galafassi et al., 2018, p. 9). This is why intersectional narratives in this study comprise a relevant theoretical construct indispensable to investigating epistemological ruptures [...].

Available in: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/profile/article/view/90754. Acess on: Feb. 10, 2026. (Adapted).

The article states that

Communication Strategies in English as a Second Language (ESL) Context

[...] Foreign language learners may encounter various communication problems when their interlanguage is limited. In order to convey their messages and remain in a conversation until their communication goal is achieved, [...] learners need to employ communication strategies, which have been defined generally as device used by second language learners to overcome perceived barriers to achieving specific communication goals [...]. Language learning cannot be separated from its culture. Language is a clear manifestation of culture. A word can have both cognitive meaning and cultural meaning. Cultural meaning refers to words and expressions which represent cultural perception, values and behavior. At discourse level, the link between language, communication and culture is virtually inseparable.

Miscommunication occurs when one interprets communicative rules of one culture in terms of the rules of another culture. In the process of learning a second language, learners make some errors due to first language interference. By knowing strategies to avoid misinterpretation between different backgrounds of speakers, the problems mentioned before shall be avoided easily. Language teaching at school has traditionally been aimed at developing linguistic competence. Teachers tend to teach grammar and linguistic features without letting their learners practice and improve their communication in English. Probably this is one reason that cause some learners are good in English but they cannot use English orally. This problem may be solved by introducing communication strategies to learners in order to avoid communication problems and equip them with strategies to overcome the problems of speaking that they are dealing with [...].

Communication strategies are usually associated with spoken language and research has shown that students tend to use various communication strategies when they are unable to express what they want to say because of their lack of resources in their second language (L2) [...]. When learners experience that fluency in their first language (hereafter L1) does not follow the same pattern as their L2, a gap is created in the knowledge of their L2. These gaps can take many forms: a word, a phrase, a structure, a tense marker or an idiom [...]. In order to overcome that gap, learners have two options: they can either leave the original communicative goal or they can try to reach alternative plans and use other linguistic means that they have at their disposal [...]. It is also important to know that culture and language cannot be separated. Therefore, in the context of language teaching, the knowledge of language and its culture need to be taught as well. The role of teachers in introducing communication strategies to students could determine learners’ successfulness in facing problems of communication [...].

Despite the fact that many [...] researchers lend support to communication strategies training, some opposition to it has been expressed. Bialystok (1990) and Kellerman (1991) argue that one should teach the language itself rather than the strategies. Schmidt (1983) believes that L2 learners develop their strategic competence at the expense of their linguistic competence. According to Skehan (1998), using communication strategies by skilled learners may hinder the development of their interlanguage knowledge resources [...].

Available in: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1129727.pdf. Acess on: Jan. 30, 2026.

According to the text,