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A new study suggests that the number of children a woman has might affect her rate of ageing and her lifespan. Research from the University of Helsinki in Finland found that women who had five children or more, or no children, aged faster than those who had a small number of kids. Researcher Mikaela Hukkanen said: "From an evolutionary biology perspective, organisms have limited resources, such as time and energy. When a large amount of energy is invested in reproduction, it is taken away from bodily maintenance and repair mechanisms, which could reduce lifespan." She added that the finding of shorter lifespans of women who never gave birth was "surprising".
The researchers used historical data in their analysis of parenthood and ageing. They analysed the health data on 14,836 women. Researchers examined DNA data and blood samples, then modelled the effects of reproduction on women’s rates of ageing and longevity. Ms. Hukkanen postulated that having a smaller number of pregnancies could have favourable effects on a mother’s health. One benefit is a possible lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, the "wear and tear" and physical demands of multiple childbirths can negate this lowered risk. Another factor that could increase longevity is the increased social support a mother receives from the state for having children.
Internet: <breakingnewsenglish.com> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following items.
According to the study mentioned in the text, women who have either many children or no children at all may experience faster ageing than those who have only a few children.
Provas
A new study suggests that the number of children a woman has might affect her rate of ageing and her lifespan. Research from the University of Helsinki in Finland found that women who had five children or more, or no children, aged faster than those who had a small number of kids. Researcher Mikaela Hukkanen said: "From an evolutionary biology perspective, organisms have limited resources, such as time and energy. When a large amount of energy is invested in reproduction, it is taken away from bodily maintenance and repair mechanisms, which could reduce lifespan." She added that the finding of shorter lifespans of women who never gave birth was "surprising".
The researchers used historical data in their analysis of parenthood and ageing. They analysed the health data on 14,836 women. Researchers examined DNA data and blood samples, then modelled the effects of reproduction on women’s rates of ageing and longevity. Ms. Hukkanen postulated that having a smaller number of pregnancies could have favourable effects on a mother’s health. One benefit is a possible lower risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, the "wear and tear" and physical demands of multiple childbirths can negate this lowered risk. Another factor that could increase longevity is the increased social support a mother receives from the state for having children.
Internet: <breakingnewsenglish.com> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following items.
The expression 'wear and tear' (second paragraph) is used in the text to describe the gradual physical damage caused by repeated childbirths.
Provas
The changes to Earth’s natural patterns reveal an interconnected web of ecological systems that are undergoing profound changes beyond what many researchers have predicted. Scientists say the culprit is clear: Ever since the Industrial Revolution, the relentless burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas has been adding heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere, leading to a sharp rise in global temperatures. The hottest year in recorded history was 2024, and each of the 10 warmest years on record have come in the past decade.
Since 1997, when nations agreed to limit planet-warming gases as part of the landmark Kyoto Protocol, humanity has released more greenhouse gases than in all prior history. The temperature rise associated with the growing volume of heat-trapping gas has kicked in, and it is continuing to rise. And at the same time, the ability of the planet’s natural systems to absorb planet-warming gases like carbon dioxide appears to be diminishing.
David Gelles. One thing’s for sure, the weather is getting wilder. The New York Times International Edition, Nova York, 21-22 mar. 2026, p. 2 (adapted).
Considering the preceding text, judge the following items.
The structure "appears to be diminishing", used at the end of the text, indicates the observation of an ongoing gradual process.
Provas
One of the most widely read books in modern times is Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. The popular self-help work offers advice on how to manage people and bring them around to your way of thinking. The influential figures of ancient history had no such manual to guide them, especially those leaders who ruled the world’s earliest civilizations. They had to learn on the job. What worked for an innovative female pharaoh in Egypt was not necessarily the secret to success for the first Roman emperor or a groundbreaking Chinese philosopher.
Patricia S. Daniels. The most influential figures of ancient history.
National Geographic, Washington D.C., p. 5, 2016 (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the previous text.
The word "groundbreaking", as used at the end of the text, can be replaced with pioneering without this changing the overall meaning of the sentence.
Provas
One of the most widely read books in modern times is Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. The popular self-help work offers advice on how to manage people and bring them around to your way of thinking. The influential figures of ancient history had no such manual to guide them, especially those leaders who ruled the world’s earliest civilizations. They had to learn on the job. What worked for an innovative female pharaoh in Egypt was not necessarily the secret to success for the first Roman emperor or a groundbreaking Chinese philosopher.
Patricia S. Daniels. The most influential figures of ancient history.
National Geographic, Washington D.C., p. 5, 2016 (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the previous text.
When the author of the text states that ancient leaders had to "learn on the job", she means that they received formal instructions while applying theory in practice.
Provas
One of the most widely read books in modern times is Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. The popular self-help work offers advice on how to manage people and bring them around to your way of thinking. The influential figures of ancient history had no such manual to guide them, especially those leaders who ruled the world’s earliest civilizations. They had to learn on the job. What worked for an innovative female pharaoh in Egypt was not necessarily the secret to success for the first Roman emperor or a groundbreaking Chinese philosopher.
Patricia S. Daniels. The most influential figures of ancient history. National Geographic, Washington D.C., p. 5, 2016 (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the previous text.
In the sentence "One of the most widely read books in modern times", the verb "read" is in the present simple tense, indicating an action that is currently happening.
Provas
One of the most widely read books in modern times is Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. The popular self-help work offers advice on how to manage people and bring them around to your way of thinking. The influential figures of ancient history had no such manual to guide them, especially those leaders who ruled the world’s earliest civilizations. They had to learn on the job. What worked for an innovative female pharaoh in Egypt was not necessarily the secret to success for the first Roman emperor or a groundbreaking Chinese philosopher.
Patricia S. Daniels. The most influential figures of ancient history. National Geographic, Washington D.C., p. 5, 2016 (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the previous text.
It can be inferred from the text that the Dale Carnegie’s book provides the same strategies that were used by ancient leaders.
Provas
One of the most widely read books in modern times is Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People. The popular self-help work offers advice on how to manage people and bring them around to your way of thinking. The influential figures of ancient history had no such manual to guide them, especially those leaders who ruled the world’s earliest civilizations. They had to learn on the job. What worked for an innovative female pharaoh in Egypt was not necessarily the secret to success for the first Roman emperor or a groundbreaking Chinese philosopher.
Patricia S. Daniels. The most influential figures of ancient history. National Geographic, Washington D.C., p. 5, 2016 (adapted).
Judge the following items based on the previous text.
Replacing the expression "bring them around to your way of thinking" with force them to accept your opinion changes the original meaning of the sentence.
Provas
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: NUCEPE
Orgão: Pref. Teresina-PI
Disponível em:
Provas
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: NUCEPE
Orgão: Pref. Teresina-PI
Disponível em:
Provas
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