Em 'The car, a red sports model, sped down the highway.', o grupo nominal 'a red sports model' é um aposto que fornece uma informação adicional sobre o sujeito 'The car'.

Os 'Discourse Markers' são elementos linguísticos que conectam ideias e organizam o discurso, mas seu uso é restrito à linguagem formal, sendo inadequados para a comunicação oral informal.

'Could you please pass me the salt?' é um exemplo de Question Tag, que é uma pequena pergunta adicionada ao final de uma afirmação para pedir confirmação ou verificar uma informação.

Em 'The teacher, who is very experienced, explained the lesson clearly.', a oração 'who is very experienced' é uma Relative Clause essencial, sem a qual o sentido da frase principal seria alterado significativamente.

Cognatos são palavras de diferentes idiomas que possuem semelhança na escrita e no significado, enquanto falsos cognatos são parecidos na escrita, mas divergem no significado, como 'parents' (pais) em inglês e 'parentes' (relatives) em português.

Na frase 'She must be tired after such a long journey', o modal verb 'must' expressa uma obrigação forte, indicando que ela não tem outra escolha a não ser estar cansada.

O uso do 'Reported Speech' é mandatório quando se deseja converter uma frase da voz ativa para a passiva, mantendo a temporalidade original da oração.

Phrasal verbs são combinações de um verbo com uma preposição ou advérbio que, juntos, formam um novo significado, muitas vezes diferente do sentido original dos componentes individuais; um exemplo é 'look up', que pode significar 'procurar por algo'.

Em 'The cat sat on the mat quickly', a palavra 'quickly' atua como um adjetivo, descrevendo uma característica do substantivo 'cat'.

"Decoloniality aims to break paradigms crystallized in sociocultural, political-economic, ethnic-racial, and gender/sexuality relations imposed by the processes of coloniality of power. In turn, the concept of coloniality of power (Quijano, 2000) clarifies that colonial relations in the economic and political spheres did not end with the destruction of colonialism. Coloniality, according to Maldonado-Torres (2007), is reproduced in a triple dimension: of power, knowledge, and being. […] But how does teaching English relate to the concept of decoloniality? Pardo (2019) explains that coloniality permeates everyday school life in public schools (but I believe we can extend this account to other contexts in which English circulates as the language of instruction or as the target language)." (Megale, 2020, p. 3)

MEGALE, A. O que é uma perspectiva decolonial de ensino em/de inglês?. ENTREVISTA. 25 de agosto de 2020. Disponível em: https://www. santillana.com.br/conteudos/o-que-e-uma-perspectiva-decolonial-de-ensino-em-de-ingles. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2025.

Judge the items as (T) TRUE or (F) FALSE about Decolonialism in English Language Teaching.

( ) It is not uncommon to come across questions about whether your English is British or American, whether you have ever lived in the United States, or which English rock band you prefer. According to Pardo (2019), these questions reveal issues of submission and subordination and demonstrate how much the issue of coloniality is still present in English language teaching today.
( ) It is emphasized that a model of native speaker to be imitated, usually the American or British, is still very present in language teaching and in teaching materials that do not "consider the diversity and multiplicity of epistemologies, cultures and English-speaking people around the world" (Pardo, 2019, p. 212).
( ) The United States and England are positioned as "'owners of knowledge´ and language, reiterating their epistemic privilege and the maintenance of the logic of coloniality". Therefore, it is necessary to break with the imposed logic that only hegemonic countries represent cultures and models of English speakers.
( ) Part of this process of decoloniality in English language teaching is related to the view that the role of the teacher is not the mere technical and utilitarian work of teaching English, but rather providing students with a linguistic education that is based on the concept that teaching a language is a political task that should aim to develop critical thinking and that, to this end, it must be committed to work that values difference, be it linguistic, political, social, ethnic or gender, as a pedagogical input and as a mark of our humanity.
( ) "When we realize that English is used as a language of interaction in more than 70 countries (Eberhard; Gary; Charles, 2020 apud Megale, 2020, p.3), the opportunity opens up for the histories and cultures of nonhegemonic countries to enter the school community".

Choose the CORRECT sequence.