Considere uma comunidade marinha que compreende muitos ancestrais dos filos de animais modernos. Considere ainda que uma adaptação proficiente foi introduzida em uma única espécie. O resultado da adaptação seria um rápido aumento tanto na abundância relativa da espécie quanto no espaço explorado por ela. As interações bióticas podem ser consideradas agentes de seleção, e a interação das comunidades de espécies em seus próprios ambientes seletivos é uma fonte de diversificação. O rápido aumento da espécie seria seguido por uma desaceleração da proliferação de novos tipos ecológicos. A tragédia dos comuns, quando os interesses ou ações de uma espécie são prejudiciais à comunidade como um todo, deve ser evitada para o sucesso da comunidade marinha.

(Adaptado de P. D. Roopnarine e K. D. Angielczyl. Biology Letters, Londres, v. 8, p. 147-150, fev. 2012.)

Baseado em seus conhecimentos em ecologia e evolução, assinale a alternativa correta.

Plantas são organismos que interferem na composição da atmosfera e regulam o ciclo de carbono em nosso planeta, permitindo a vida como a conhecemos. Enquanto a parte aérea das plantas está exposta a variações de intensidade luminosa, as raízes têm íntimo contato com o solo, fonte de nutrientes essenciais ao seu desenvolvimento. Considerando a figura a seguir e a biologia de uma planta terrestre mesófita na ausência de luz, assinale a alternativa que identifica corretamente as moléculas nas posições numeradas (as setas indicam o sentido do movimento das moléculas).

‘The Complete Stories,’ by Clarice Lispector

By Terrence Rafferty
July 27, 2015

There’s a whiff of madness in the fiction of Clarice Lispector. The “Complete Stories” of the Brazilian writer, edited by Benjamin Moser and sensitively translated by Katrina Dodson, is a dangerous book to read quickly or casually because it’s so consistently delirious. Sentence by sentence, page by page, Lispector is exhilaratingly, arrestingly strange, but her perceptions come so fast, veer so wildly between the mundane and the metaphysical, that after a while you don’t know where you are, either in the book or in the world. So it’s best to approach her with some caution. For the ordinary reader — that is to say, for most of us — immersion in the teeming mind of Clarice Lispector can be an exhausting, even a deranging, experience, not to be undertaken lightly. (Pack food, water, a first aid kit and plenty of sunblock.)

Her stories are full of strange words, in strange combinations, and her “Complete Stories” is a remarkable book, proof that she was — in the company of Jorge Luis Borges, Juan Rulfo and her 19th-century countryman Machado de Assis — one of the true originals of Latin American literature.

THE COMPLETE STORIES

By Clarice Lispector
Edited by Benjamin Moser
Translated by Katrina Dodson
645 pp. New Directions. $28.95.

(Adaptado de https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/02/books/review/the-completestories-
by-clarice-lispector.html. Acessado em 21/07/20.)

No texto acima, o livro de Clarice Lispector recebe uma crítica

“There Will Come Soft Rains” (Sara Teasdale)

There will come soft rains and the smell of the ground,
And swallows circling with their shimmering sound;
And frogs in the pools singing at night,
And wild plum trees in tremulous white;
Robins will wear their feathery fire,
Whistling their whims on a low fence-wire;
And not one will know of the war, not one
Will care at last when it is done.
Not one would mind, neither bird nor tree,
If mankind perished utterly;
And Spring herself, when she woke at dawn
Would scarcely know that we were gone.

(Disponível em https://poets.org/poem/there-will-come-soft-rains. Acessado em
24/08/2020.)

O poema destaca

O cartaz reproduzido a seguir faz parte de uma campanha da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde.

Qual das medidas abaixo é recomendada no cartaz?

OUR WORD OF THE YEAR FOR 2019 IS THEY

English lacks a gender-neutral singular pronoun to correspond with singular pronouns like everyone or someone, and as a consequence they has been used for this purpose for over 600 years. Recently though, they has also been used to refer to a person whose gender identity is nonbinary, a sense that is increasingly common in published text, social media, and in daily personal interactions between English speakers. There's no doubt that its use is established in the English language, which is why it was added to the Merriam-Webster dictionary in September of 2019. Nonbinary they was also prominent in the news in 2019. Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal (WA) revealed in April that her child is gender-nonconforming and uses they. And the American Psychological Association’s blog officially recommended that singular they be preferred in professional writing over “he or she” when the reference is to a person whose gender is unknown or to a person who prefers they.

(Adaptado de https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year/ they. Acessado em 29/04/2020.)

De acordo com o texto, o fato de uma palavra simples, como o pronome “they”, ter sido escolhida como a palavra do ano de 2019 se justifica pela necessidade de

Catherine Fletcher, Tue 4 Feb 2020

The decision by a UK University to close history, modern languages and politics degrees in favour of more “careerfocused” courses has been widely criticised. The problem lies in reducing university education to what sells to employers. A society – and a world – urgently needs people who have the education to think about big issues, which aren’t only scientific or technological: they’re also about the ways that people have made, and continue to make, decisions. The humanities matter. And it matters that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to join in these world-changing discussions.

Roger Brown, Mon 10 Feb 2020

Catherine Fletcher is completely correct to warn about the damage that current policies are doing to the humanities. But her warning comes much too late. As I and other scholars have shown, the problem started with a government green paper which declared that the fundamental purpose of higher education was to serve the economy. Until we recover the idea that higher education is as much about the public good as anything else, we will never be able to sustain the humanities as an essential component of a balanced curriculum. Unfortunately, there is very little sign that this has been grasped by any of our current policymakers.

(Adaptado de www.theguardian.com/education/2020/feb/10/humanities-are-notthe- right-courses-to-cut. Acessado em 22/05/2019.)

Os textos acima concordam quanto à identificação de um problema nos cursos universitários no Reino Unido, mas divergem quanto

A curious item was found among Beethoven’s effects, locked away in a drawer, at the time of his death: three letters, written but apparently never sent (they may have been sent but returned to him), to the “Immortal Beloved.” The content, which varies from high-flown poetic sentiments to banal complaints about his health and discomfort, makes it clear that this is no literary exercise but was intended for a real person. The month and day of the week are given, but not the year. The periods 1801–02, 1806–07, and 1811–12 have been proposed, but the last is the most probable. The most cogent arguments regarding the identity of the person addressed, those by Maynard Solomon, point to Antonie Brentano, a native Viennese, who was the wife of a Frankfurt merchant and sister-in-law to Beethoven familiar Bettina Brentano.

(Adaptado de https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ludwig-van-Beethoven. Acessado em 29/07/20.)

A partir do conteúdo do texto, pode-se afirmar que

Os tweets abaixo remetem ao contexto do trabalho domiciliar durante o período de isolamento social.

(Disponível em https://twitter.com/ajdewerd/status/1237495536036581379. Acessado em 30/07/2020.)

A resposta de Andrea ao tweet de Julieanne

A situação abaixo ocorreu em uma entrevista com a atriz Scarlett Johansson e o ator Robert Downey Junior, que atuaram juntos em um filme.

(Disponível em https://www.cracked.com/blog/14-epic-comebacks-stars-gave-tostupid- interview-questions/. Acessado em 25/06/20.)

Em sua resposta, a atriz