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A leading executive was once asked what single characteristic was most important when selecting a project manager. His response: “a person with the ability to know what will go wrong before it actually does.” We might add: “and the courage to estimate when the future is cloudy.”
Estimation of resources, cost, and schedule for a software development effort requires experience, access to good historical information, and the courage to commit to quantitative measures when qualitative data are all that exist. Estimation carries inherent risk and it is this risk that leads to uncertainty.
Project complexity has a strong effect on uncertainty that is inherent in planning. Complexity, however, is a relative measure that is affected by familiarity with past effort.
R.S. Pressman. Software engineering. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the items below.
A project manager must be committed to quantitative measures.
Provas
A leading executive was once asked what single characteristic was most important when selecting a project manager. His response: “a person with the ability to know what will go wrong before it actually does.” We might add: “and the courage to estimate when the future is cloudy.”
Estimation of resources, cost, and schedule for a software development effort requires experience, access to good historical information, and the courage to commit to quantitative measures when qualitative data are all that exist. Estimation carries inherent risk and it is this risk that leads to uncertainty.
Project complexity has a strong effect on uncertainty that is inherent in planning. Complexity, however, is a relative measure that is affected by familiarity with past effort.
R.S. Pressman. Software engineering. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the items below.
A project manager should be audacious when appraising that something bad is liable to occur.
Provas
A leading executive was once asked what single characteristic was most important when selecting a project manager. His response: “a person with the ability to know what will go wrong before it actually does.” We might add: “and the courage to estimate when the future is cloudy.”
Estimation of resources, cost, and schedule for a software development effort requires experience, access to good historical information, and the courage to commit to quantitative measures when qualitative data are all that exist. Estimation carries inherent risk and it is this risk that leads to uncertainty.
Project complexity has a strong effect on uncertainty that is inherent in planning. Complexity, however, is a relative measure that is affected by familiarity with past effort.
R.S. Pressman. Software engineering. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the items below.
An efficient executive should look forward to problems that can happen.
Provas
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a broad term referring to utopian factories of the future in which computers are integrated into all aspects of design, production, and control. As such, CIM technology encompasses hardware, software, and systems that support the design and manufacture of mechanical devices.
The primary goal of CIM is to increase the flexibility of the production line to support faster response to changing market demands. Related goals of CIM systems are to achieve higher product quality, smaller lot sizes (approaching one), and reduced work-in-process inventory. Early efforts to realize CIM systems were driven by a naive push for labor reduction; more recent motivations include desires for improvement in product quality and response time.
Idem, ibidem (with adaptations).
From the text above, it can be deduced that CIM
systems early efforts were motivated by an ingenious drive for work reduction.
Provas
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a broad term referring to utopian factories of the future in which computers are integrated into all aspects of design, production, and control. As such, CIM technology encompasses hardware, software, and systems that support the design and manufacture of mechanical devices.
The primary goal of CIM is to increase the flexibility of the production line to support faster response to changing market demands. Related goals of CIM systems are to achieve higher product quality, smaller lot sizes (approaching one), and reduced work-in-process inventory. Early efforts to realize CIM systems were driven by a naive push for labor reduction; more recent motivations include desires for improvement in product quality and response time.
Idem, ibidem (with adaptations).
From the text above, it can be deduced that CIM
primarily aims at achieving higher product quality.
Provas
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a broad term referring to utopian factories of the future in which computers are integrated into all aspects of design, production, and control. As such, CIM technology encompasses hardware, software, and systems that support the design and manufacture of mechanical devices.
The primary goal of CIM is to increase the flexibility of the production line to support faster response to changing market demands. Related goals of CIM systems are to achieve higher product quality, smaller lot sizes (approaching one), and reduced work-in-process inventory. Early efforts to realize CIM systems were driven by a naive push for labor reduction; more recent motivations include desires for improvement in product quality and response time.
Idem, ibidem (with adaptations).
From the text above, it can be deduced that CIM
technology is an attempt to cope with the changes in the market demands.
Provas
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a broad term referring to utopian factories of the future in which computers are integrated into all aspects of design, production, and control. As such, CIM technology encompasses hardware, software, and systems that support the design and manufacture of mechanical devices.
The primary goal of CIM is to increase the flexibility of the production line to support faster response to changing market demands. Related goals of CIM systems are to achieve higher product quality, smaller lot sizes (approaching one), and reduced work-in-process inventory. Early efforts to realize CIM systems were driven by a naive push for labor reduction; more recent motivations include desires for improvement in product quality and response time.
Idem, ibidem (with adaptations).
From the text above, it can be deduced that CIM
results from the integration of all aspects of design, production, control and computers.
Provas
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is a broad term referring to utopian factories of the future in which computers are integrated into all aspects of design, production, and control. As such, CIM technology encompasses hardware, software, and systems that support the design and manufacture of mechanical devices.
The primary goal of CIM is to increase the flexibility of the production line to support faster response to changing market demands. Related goals of CIM systems are to achieve higher product quality, smaller lot sizes (approaching one), and reduced work-in-process inventory. Early efforts to realize CIM systems were driven by a naive push for labor reduction; more recent motivations include desires for improvement in product quality and response time.
Idem, ibidem (with adaptations).
From the text above, it can be deduced that CIM
is a highly feasible reality.
Provas
1 It is extremely difficult to restrict the flow of software.
It is too widely available, too easy to replicate, and too easy to
conceal. A single 8-mm digital videocassette, small enough to
4 fit into a shirt pocket, can hold all of the sources and binaries to
a major software package representing thousands of personyears
of effort. There is no way to prevent packages from being
7 carried and copied all over the world.
Inhibition of copying has been a concern of software
vendors domestically and within CoCom countries generally.
10 Vendors have resorted to legal protection against copying
(copyright, trade secret), copy protect mechanisms, objectcode-
only (OCO) shipment practices, and, in some cases, use of
13 proprietary compilers. One of the best examples of the difficulty
of protecting software is the decision by several key software
manufacturers (including Lotus Development) not to copy-
16 protect their disks. The previous copy-protection mechanism
were woefully inadequate and tended to alienate customers.
Global trends in computer technology and their impacts on
export control. National Academy Press, D. C. (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Prior copy-protection mechanisms used to make clients secure about the software.
Provas
1 It is extremely difficult to restrict the flow of software.
It is too widely available, too easy to replicate, and too easy to
conceal. A single 8-mm digital videocassette, small enough to
4 fit into a shirt pocket, can hold all of the sources and binaries to
a major software package representing thousands of personyears
of effort. There is no way to prevent packages from being
7 carried and copied all over the world.
Inhibition of copying has been a concern of software
vendors domestically and within CoCom countries generally.
10 Vendors have resorted to legal protection against copying
(copyright, trade secret), copy protect mechanisms, objectcode-
only (OCO) shipment practices, and, in some cases, use of
13 proprietary compilers. One of the best examples of the difficulty
of protecting software is the decision by several key software
manufacturers (including Lotus Development) not to copy-
16 protect their disks. The previous copy-protection mechanism
were woefully inadequate and tended to alienate customers.
Global trends in computer technology and their impacts on
export control. National Academy Press, D. C. (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
"compilers" (l.13) are computer programs that turn instructions in a high level language into a form that the computer can understand and on which it can act.
Provas
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