A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

What is life? To the physicist the two distinguishing features of living systems are complexity and organization. Even a simple single-celled organism, primitive as it is, displays an intricacy and fidelity unmatched by any product of human ingenuity. Consider, for example, a lowly bacterium. Close inspection reveals a complex network of function and form. The bacterium may interact with its environment in a variety of ways, propelling itself, attacking enemies, moving towards or away from external stimuli, exchanging material in a controlled fashion. Its internal workings resemble a vast city in organization. Much of the control rests with the cell nucleus, wherein is also contained the genetic ‘code’, the chemical blue print that enables the bacterium to replicate. The chemical structures that control and direct all this activity may involve molecules with as many as a million atoms strung together in a complicated yet highly specific way. (...)

It is important to appreciate that a biological organism is made from perfectly ordinary atoms. (...) An atom of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus inside a living cell is no different from a similar atom outside, and there is a steady stream of such atoms passing into and out of all biological organisms. Clearly, then, life cannot be reduced to a property of an organism’s constituent parts. Life is not a cumulative phenomenon like, for example, weight. For though we may not doubt that a cat or a geranium is living, we would search in vain for any sign that an individual catatom or geranium-atom is living.

Sometimes this appears paradoxical. How can a collection of inanimate atoms be animate? Some people have argued that it is impossible to build life out of non-life, so there must be an additional, non-material, ingredient within all living things – a life-force – or spiritual essence which owes its origin, ultimately, to God. This is the ancient doctrine of vitalism.

An argument frequently used in support of vitalism concerns behaviour. A characteristic feature of living things is that they appear to behave in a purposive way, as though towards a specific end.

PAUL DAVIES. God and the New Physics.

N.Y. – Simon & Schuster, Inc.,1984.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• physicist = físico

• features = características

• single-celled = unicelular

• to display = mostrar, exibir

• intricacy = complexidade

• unmatched = único, inigualável

• ingenuity = criatividade

• lowly = mera, simples

• close = detalhada

• network = rede

• environment = ambiente

• to propel = impulsionar

• to resemble = assemelhar-se

• to rest with = ser responsabilidade de

• wherein = na qual

• to enable = capacitar

• as many as = aproximadamente

• strung together = enfileiradas, amarradas

• steady stream = corrente contínua

• to doubt = duvidar

• to search = buscar

• to argue = argumentar, discutir

• to owe = dever

• ultimately = basicamente, fundamentalmente

• support = apoio

• to appear = parecer

• purposive = intencional

• towards = em direção a

De acordo com o texto:

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo, extraído da internet:

I want to be six again

A man asked his wife what she’d like for her birthday.

“I’d love to be six again,” she replied.

On the morning of her birthday, he got her up bright and early and off they went to a local theme park.

What a day! He put her on every ride in the park: the Death Slide, the Screaming Loop, the Wall of Fear – everything there was!

Wow! Five hours later she staggered out of the theme park, her head reeling and her stomach upside down.

Right to a McDonald’s they went, where her husband ordered a Big Mac for her along with extra fries and a refreshing chocolate shake. Then it was off to a movie – the latest Star Wars epic, and hot dogs, popcorn, Pepsi Cola and M&Ms. What a fabulous adventure!

Finally she wobbled home with her husband and collapsed into bed.

He leaned over and lovingly asked, “Well, dear, what was it like being six again?

One eye opened. “You idiot, I meant my dress size.”

The moral of this story is: if a woman speaks and a man is there to hear her, he will get it wrong anyway.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• to reply = responder

• ride = brinquedos

• to stagger out = sair cambaleando

• to reel = rodopiar, girar

• upside down = revirado

• to order = pedir

• fries = batatas fritas

• the latest = o mais recente

• to wobble = cambalear

• to collapse = desmoronar

• to lean over = inclinar-se

• to mean = querer dizer

• size = tamanho

• anyway = de qualquer forma

O texto revela uma mulher:

A questão refere-se às tiras abaixo:

Star Tribune – Comics – SCOTT ADAMS

Sunday, June 4, 2000.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• pictures = fotos, imagens

• grounds = motivo

• dismissal = demissão

• to plead = alegar

• harmlessly = inofensivamente

• screen = tela

• to demand = exigir

• godless = mau, perverso

• to be fired = ser demitido

• too much trouble = incômodo demais

• to be served = ser cumprida

A palavra fired, (6º quadrinho) no contexto em questão:

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

About Men

Card Sharks

By Erick Lundegaard

If all my relatives suddenly died and all my friendships dried up and all of my subscriptions were cancelled and all of my bills were paid, I I guaranteed mail – two pieces a week, by my estimation – for the credit card companies __I_I me. They are the one constant in my ever-changing life. They are hot for what they think lies in my wallet. They are not just hot for me, either. I realize this. They want everyone, send mail to everyone. Everyone, that is, except those who need them most.

The absurdity in my case is the puny!$ ^{A)} !$ sum being sought. I work in a bookstore warehouse, lugging boxes and books around, at $8 per hour for 25 hours per week. That’s roughly $10,000 per year. One would think that such a number could not possibly interest massive, internetted corporations and conglomerations. Yet they all vie for my attention. Visa, Mastercard, Discover Card – it doesn’t matter – American Express, People’s Bank, Citibank, Household Bank F.S.B., Choice, the GM Card, Norwest, Chevy Chase F.S.B. Not only am I preapproved, they tell me I’II have no annual fee. Their A.P.R. keeps dipping, like an auction in reverse, as each strives to undercut the other: from 14.98 to 9.98 to, now, 6.98 percent. I am titillated with each newer, lower number, as if it were an inverse indication of my self-worth.

(...)

At some point, in passing from computer to computer, my name even got smudged, so now many of the offers are coming not to Erik A. Lundegaard but to Erik A. Lundefreen. He may not exist, but he has already been preapproved for a $4,200 credit line on one of America’s best credit card values. After several of these letters, I began to wonder: What if Erik A. Lundefreen did sign up for their cards? What if he went on a major spending spree!$ ^{B)} !$, maxing them out and never paying them off? What would happen when the authorities finally arrived at his door?

(...)

In the old days, it was necessary to hide behind trees or inside farmhouses to outwit!$ ^{C)} !$ the authorities. Now it seems there’s no better hiding place than an improperly spelled, computer-generated name. It is the ultimate camouflage for our bureaucratic age.

Meanwhile, the offers keep coming. A $2,000 credit line, a $3,000 credit line, a $5,000 credit line. If a paltry!$ ^{D)} !$ income can’t keep them away, what will? Death? Probably not even death. I’ll be six feet under and still receiving mail. “Dear Mr. Lundefreen. Membership criteria are becoming increasingly stringent!$ ^{E)} !$. You, however, have demonstrated exceptional financial responsibility. Sign up now for this once in a lifetime offer.”

A.P.R. = Annual Percentage Rate

Vocabulário para a questão.

• sharks = tubarões

• to dry up = desaparecer

• subscriptions = assinaturas

• bills = contas

• still = ainda

• ever-changing life = vida em constante mudança

• hot = ávidos

• to lie = estar, ficar

• wallet = carteira

• either= também

• to realize = perceber

• that is = quer dizer

• puny sum = quantia ínfima

• to seek (sought, sought) = procurar

• warehouse = depósito

• to lug = arrastar

• roughly = aproximadamente

• yet = contudo, entretanto

• to vie for = competir, disputar

• annual fee = taxa anual

• to dip = diminuir, baixar

• auction = leilão

• in reverse = ao contrário

• to strive = esforçar-se, empenhar-se

• to undercut = vender por preço inferior, superar

• titillated = excitado, animado

• self-worth = valor próprio

• to get smudged = ser manchado, ser trocado

• to wonder = imaginar

• to sign up = contratar, aceitar

• major = enorme, muito grande

• spree = farra, pândega

• to max out = chegar ao extremo

• to pay off = quitar (dívida)

• to hide = esconder-se

• to outwit = enganar

• spelled = soletrado

• ultimate = mais recente

• meanwhile = enquanto isso

• paltry = insignificante

• income = ganho, renda

• to keep away = manter afastados

• not even = nem mesmo

• membership = associação

• criteria = critérios

• increasingly = cada vez mais

• stringent = rigoroso, severo

• once in a lifetime = uma única vez na vida

Cada uma das opções abaixo é iniciada com uma palavra extraída do texto, devendo ser seguida de outras duas palavras que lhe sejam sinônimas. Assinale a opção em que isso não ocorre:

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

What is life? To the physicist!$ ^{a)} !$ the two distinguishing features of living systems are complexity and organization. Even a simple single-celled organism, primitive as it is, displays an intricacy and fidelity!$ ^{b)} !$ unmatched by any product of human ingenuity!$ ^{c)} !$. Consider, for example, a lowly bacterium. Close inspection reveals!$ ^{d)} !$ a complex network of function and form. The bacterium may interact with its environment in a variety of ways, propelling itself, attacking enemies, moving towards or away from external!$ ^{e)} !$ stimuli, exchanging material in a controlled fashion. Its internal workings resemble a vast city in organization. Much of the control rests with the cell nucleus, wherein is also contained the genetic ‘code’, the chemical blue print that enables the bacterium to replicate. The chemical structures that control and direct all this activity may involve molecules with as many as a million atoms strung together in a complicated yet highly specific way. (...)

It is important to appreciate that a biological organism is made from perfectly ordinary atoms. (...) An atom of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus inside a living cell is no different from a similar atom outside, and there is a steady stream of such atoms passing into and out of all biological organisms. Clearly, then, life cannot be reduced to a property of an organism’s constituent parts. Life is not a cumulative phenomenon like, for example, weight. For though we may not doubt that a cat or a geranium is living, we would search in vain for any sign that an individual catatom or geranium-atom is living.

Sometimes this appears paradoxical. How can a collection of inanimate atoms be animate? Some people have argued that it is impossible to build life out of non-life, so there must be an additional, non-material, ingredient within all living things – a life-force – or spiritual essence which owes its origin, ultimately, to God. This is the ancient doctrine of vitalism.

An argument frequently used in support of vitalism concerns behaviour. A characteristic feature of living things is that they appear to behave in a purposive way, as though towards a specific end.

PAUL DAVIES. God and the New Physics.

N.Y. – Simon & Schuster, Inc.,1984.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• physicist = físico

• features = características

• single-celled = unicelular

• to display = mostrar, exibir

• intricacy = complexidade

• unmatched = único, inigualável

• ingenuity = criatividade

• lowly = mera, simples

• close = detalhada

• network = rede

• environment = ambiente

• to propel = impulsionar

• to resemble = assemelhar-se

• to rest with = ser responsabilidade de

• wherein = na qual

• to enable = capacitar

• as many as = aproximadamente

• strung together = enfileiradas, amarradas

• steady stream = corrente contínua

• to doubt = duvidar

• to search = buscar

• to argue = argumentar, discutir

• to owe = dever

• ultimately = basicamente, fundamentalmente

• support = apoio

• to appear = parecer

• purposive = intencional

• towards = em direção a

Qual das palavras abaixo constitui um falso cognato?

A questão refere-se às tiras abaixo:

Star Tribune – Comics – SCOTT ADAMS

Sunday, June 4, 2000.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• pictures = fotos, imagens

• grounds = motivo

• dismissal = demissão

• to plead = alegar

• harmlessly = inofensivamente

• screen = tela

• to demand = exigir

• godless = mau, perverso

• to be fired = ser demitido

• too much trouble = incômodo demais

• to be served = ser cumprida

Assinale a opção cujo adjetivo melhor descreve a atitude de Wally no referido contexto:

Vocabulário para a questão.

• to take the credit = ficar com o mérito

A frase: “My father once told me that there were two kinds of people: those who do the work and those who take the credit. He told me to try to be in the first group; there was much less competition there”, é atribuída a Indira Gandhi.

A intenção do pai de Indira, em relação à filha, era provavelmente

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

What is life? To the physicist the two distinguishing features of living systems are complexity and organization. Even a simple single-celled organism, primitive as it is, displays an intricacy and fidelity unmatched by any product of human ingenuity. Consider, for example, a lowly bacterium. Close inspection reveals a complex network of function and form. The bacterium may interact with its environment in a variety of ways, propelling itself, attacking enemies, moving towards or away from external stimuli, exchanging material in a controlled fashion. Its internal workings resemble a vast city in organization. Much of the control rests with the cell nucleus, wherein is also contained the genetic ‘code’, the chemical blue print that enables the bacterium to replicate. The chemical structures that control and direct all this activity may involve molecules with as many as a million atoms strung together in a complicated yet highly specific way. (...)

It is important to appreciate that a biological organism is made from perfectly ordinary atoms. (...) An atom of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, or phosphorus inside a living cell is no different from a similar atom outside, and there is a steady stream of such atoms passing into and out of all biological organisms. Clearly, then, life cannot be reduced to a property of an organism’s constituent parts. Life is not a cumulative phenomenon like, for example, weight. For though we may not doubt that a cat or a geranium is living, we would search in vain for any sign that an individual catatom or geranium-atom is living.

Sometimes this appears paradoxical. How can a collection of inanimate atoms be animate? Some people have argued that it is impossible to build life out of non-life, so there must be an additional, non-material, ingredient within all living things – a life-force – or spiritual essence which owes its origin, ultimately, to God. This is the ancient doctrine of vitalism.

An argument frequently used in support of vitalism concerns behaviour. A characteristic feature of living things is that they appear to behave in a purposive way, as though towards a specific end.

PAUL DAVIES. God and the New Physics.

N.Y. – Simon & Schuster, Inc.,1984.

Vocabulário para a questão.

• physicist = físico

• features = características

• single-celled = unicelular

• to display = mostrar, exibir

• intricacy = complexidade

• unmatched = único, inigualável

• ingenuity = criatividade

• lowly = mera, simples

• close = detalhada

• network = rede

• environment = ambiente

• to propel = impulsionar

• to resemble = assemelhar-se

• to rest with = ser responsabilidade de

• wherein = na qual

• to enable = capacitar

• as many as = aproximadamente

• strung together = enfileiradas, amarradas

• steady stream = corrente contínua

• to doubt = duvidar

• to search = buscar

• to argue = argumentar, discutir

• to owe = dever

• ultimately = basicamente, fundamentalmente

• support = apoio

• to appear = parecer

• purposive = intencional

• towards = em direção a

A expressão rests with, destacado no texto, quer dizer:

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

About Men

Card Sharks

By Erick Lundegaard

If all my relatives suddenly died and all my friendships dried up and all of my subscriptions were cancelled and all of my bills were paid, I I guaranteed mail – two pieces a week, by my estimation – for the credit card companies __I_I me. They are the one constant in my ever-changing life. They are hot for what they think lies in my wallet. They are not just hot for me, either. I realize this. They want everyone, send mail to everyone. Everyone, that is, except those who need them most.

The absurdity in my case is the puny sum being sought. I work in a bookstore warehouse, lugging boxes and books around, at $8 per hour for 25 hours per week. That’s roughly $10,000 per year. One would think that such a number could not possibly interest massive, internetted corporations and conglomerations. Yet they all vie for my attention. Visa, Mastercard, Discover Card – it doesn’t matter – American Express, People’s Bank, Citibank, Household Bank F.S.B., Choice, the GM Card, Norwest, Chevy Chase F.S.B. Not only am I preapproved, they tell me I’II have no annual fee. Their A.P.R. keeps dipping, like an auction in reverse, as each strives to undercut the other: from 14.98 to 9.98 to, now, 6.98 percent. I am titillated with each newer, lower number, as if it were an inverse indication of my self-worth.

(...)

At some point, in passing from computer to computer, my name even got smudged, so now many of the offers are coming not to Erik A. Lundegaard but to Erik A. Lundefreen. He may not exist, but he has already been preapproved for a $4,200 credit line on one of America’s best credit card values. After several of these letters, I began to wonder: What if Erik A. Lundefreen did sign up for their cards? What if he went on a major spending spree, maxing them out and never paying them off? What would happen when the authorities finally arrived at his door?

(...)

In the old days, it was necessary to hide behind trees or inside farmhouses to outwit the authorities. Now it seems there’s no better hiding place than an improperly spelled, computer-generated name. It is the ultimate camouflage for our bureaucratic age.

Meanwhile, the offers keep coming. A $2,000 credit line, a $3,000 credit line, a $5,000 credit line. If a paltry income can’t keep them away, what will? Death? Probably not even death. I’ll be six feet under and still receiving mail. “Dear Mr. Lundefreen. Membership criteria are becoming increasingly stringent. You, however, have demonstrated exceptional financial responsibility. Sign up now for this once in a lifetime offer.”

A.P.R. = Annual Percentage Rate

Vocabulário para a questão.

• sharks = tubarões

• to dry up = desaparecer

• subscriptions = assinaturas

• bills = contas

• still = ainda

• ever-changing life = vida em constante mudança

• hot = ávidos

• to lie = estar, ficar

• wallet = carteira

• either= também

• to realize = perceber

• that is = quer dizer

• puny sum = quantia ínfima

• to seek (sought, sought) = procurar

• warehouse = depósito

• to lug = arrastar

• roughly = aproximadamente

• yet = contudo, entretanto

• to vie for = competir, disputar

• annual fee = taxa anual

• to dip = diminuir, baixar

• auction = leilão

• in reverse = ao contrário

• to strive = esforçar-se, empenhar-se

• to undercut = vender por preço inferior, superar

• titillated = excitado, animado

• self-worth = valor próprio

• to get smudged = ser manchado, ser trocado

• to wonder = imaginar

• to sign up = contratar, aceitar

• major = enorme, muito grande

• spree = farra, pândega

• to max out = chegar ao extremo

• to pay off = quitar (dívida)

• to hide = esconder-se

• to outwit = enganar

• spelled = soletrado

• ultimate = mais recente

• meanwhile = enquanto isso

• paltry = insignificante

• income = ganho, renda

• to keep away = manter afastados

• not even = nem mesmo

• membership = associação

• criteria = critérios

• increasingly = cada vez mais

• stringent = rigoroso, severo

• once in a lifetime = uma única vez na vida

O significado da palavra hot, destacados no texto, é semelhante, em português, a:

A questão refere-se ao texto abaixo:

About Men

Card Sharks

By Erick Lundegaard

If all my relatives suddenly died and all my friendships dried up and all of my subscriptions were cancelled and all of my bills were paid, I I guaranteed mail – two pieces a week, by my estimation – for the credit card companies __I_I me. They are the one constant in my ever-changing life. They are hot for what they think lies in my wallet. They are not just hot for me, either. I realize this. They want everyone, send mail to everyone. Everyone, that is, except those who need them most.

The absurdity in my case is the puny sum being sought!$ ^{(I)} !$. I work in a bookstore warehouse, lugging boxes and books around, at $8 per hour for 25 hours per week. That’s roughly $10,000 per year. One would think that such a number could not possibly interest massive, internetted corporations and conglomerations. Yet!$ ^{(II)} !$ they all vie for my attention. Visa, Mastercard, Discover Card – it doesn’t matter – American Express, People’s Bank, Citibank, Household Bank F.S.B., Choice, the GM Card, Norwest, Chevy Chase F.S.B. Not only am I preapproved, they tell me I’II have no annual fee. Their A.P.R. keeps dipping, like an auction in reverse, as each strives to undercut the other: from 14.98 to 9.98 to, now, 6.98 percent. I am titillated with each newer!$ ^{(III)} !$, lower!$ ^{(III)} !$ number, as if it were an inverse indication of my self-worth.

(...)

At some point, in passing from computer to computer, my name even got smudged, so now many of the offers are coming not to Erik A. Lundegaard but to Erik A. Lundefreen. He may not exist, but he has already been preapproved!$ ^{(IV)} !$ for a $4,200 credit line on one of America’s best credit card values. After several of these letters, I began to wonder: What if Erik A. Lundefreen did sign up for their cards? What if he went on a major spending spree, maxing them out and never paying them off? What would happen when the authorities finally arrived at his door?

(...)

In the old days, it was necessary to hide behind trees or inside farmhouses to outwit the authorities. Now it seems there’s no better hiding place than an improperly spelled, computer-generated name. It is the ultimate camouflage for our bureaucratic age.

Meanwhile, the offers keep coming. A $2,000 credit line, a $3,000 credit line, a $5,000 credit line. If a paltry income can’t keep them away, what will? Death? Probably not even death. I’ll be six feet under and still receiving mail. “Dear Mr. Lundefreen. Membership criteria are becoming increasingly stringent. You, however, have demonstrated exceptional financial responsibility. Sign up now for this once in a lifetime offer.”

A.P.R. = Annual Percentage Rate

Vocabulário para a questão.

• sharks = tubarões

• to dry up = desaparecer

• subscriptions = assinaturas

• bills = contas

• still = ainda

• ever-changing life = vida em constante mudança

• hot = ávidos

• to lie = estar, ficar

• wallet = carteira

• either= também

• to realize = perceber

• that is = quer dizer

• puny sum = quantia ínfima

• to seek (sought, sought) = procurar

• warehouse = depósito

• to lug = arrastar

• roughly = aproximadamente

• yet = contudo, entretanto

• to vie for = competir, disputar

• annual fee = taxa anual

• to dip = diminuir, baixar

• auction = leilão

• in reverse = ao contrário

• to strive = esforçar-se, empenhar-se

• to undercut = vender por preço inferior, superar

• titillated = excitado, animado

• self-worth = valor próprio

• to get smudged = ser manchado, ser trocado

• to wonder = imaginar

• to sign up = contratar, aceitar

• major = enorme, muito grande

• spree = farra, pândega

• to max out = chegar ao extremo

• to pay off = quitar (dívida)

• to hide = esconder-se

• to outwit = enganar

• spelled = soletrado

• ultimate = mais recente

• meanwhile = enquanto isso

• paltry = insignificante

• income = ganho, renda

• to keep away = manter afastados

• not even = nem mesmo

• membership = associação

• criteria = critérios

• increasingly = cada vez mais

• stringent = rigoroso, severo

• once in a lifetime = uma única vez na vida

Das afirmações abaixo:

I. The puny sum being sought, equivale, na voz ativa, a “the puny sum they seek”.

II. Yet, tem função de conjunção.

III. Os comparativos newer e lower, referem- se às administradoras de cartão de crédito que entram no mercado a cada ano.

IV. Em he has already been preapproved, o autor faz uso do Present Perfect Tense porque se refere a uma ação que começou no passado e continua no presente.

estão corretas: