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Choose the alternative in which all the theories or hypotheses presented are primarily grounded in an innatist theoretical framework..
Provas
Read the text below and answer question 45.
Language learning, like any other type of learning, is not a linear process and therefore cannot be deemed as predictable as some of these models of acquisition have hypothesized it to be. Minimal differences in initial conditions can cause very different results. Nevertheless, I consider that the previous attempts to explain SLA should not be disregarded because when they are put together they provide a broader view of the phenomenon. In this new perspective, a SLA model should be considered as a set of connections within a dynamic system that moves in the direction of the “edge of chaos” considered as a zone of creativity with the maximum potential for learning.
PAIVA, V. L. M. O. Second Language Acquisition: Reconciling Theories. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013, 3, 404-412. Disponível em: http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ ojapps.2013.37050.
According to Paiva (2013), despite extensive research in the field, the processes through which languages are learned remain not fully understood; consequently, it is difficult to dismiss theories of Second Language Acquisition, since many earlier explanatory models appear theoretically plausible. From this point of view, one can infer that second language teachers should
Provas
Which alternative completes the sentences in the following text?
UN: Iran using drones to enforce hijab law
A report by the United Nations says Iran is using advanced technology, including drones, facial recognition and a citizen-reporting app to crack down __________ violations of its mandatory hijab laws.
A key element of the effort is the governmentbacked Nazer app, which enables the police and "vetted" members of the public to report alleged violations by women in vehicles, including those in ambulances, mass transit and taxis.
The report describes the app as allowing users to upload the vehicle license plate, location and time of an alleged violation. It then, according to the report, alerts police. Then, according to the report, the app "triggers a text message (in real-time) to the registered owner of the vehicle, warning them that they had been found __________ violation of the mandatory hijab laws, and that their vehicles would be impounded for ignoring these warnings."
According to the report, authorities are using drones in Tehran and the southern part of the country to monitor hijab compliance in public areas, as well as new facial recognition software said to have been installed last year __________ the entrance of Tehran’s Amirkabir University.
(Source: VOA News, March 15th, 2025. UN: Iran using drones to enforce hijab law.
Available at: https://www.voanews.com/a/un-iran-usingdrones-to-enforce-hijab-law/8011563.html)
Provas
About the use of Reference, which of the following statements is NOT correct, according to the text?
Reference is a crucial component within semantics. It can be defined as characterising the relationships between language and the world, in particular, specific entities that are being focused upon. Reference is context-dependent, and ascertaining the meaning of particular referents depends entirely upon who is speaking, whom they are speaking with and in what setting the interaction is taking place.
MULLANY, L.; STOCKWELL, P. Introducing English Language: A resource book for students. Routledge, 2010
Provas
According to the following text, what is the primary role of teachers in ESP courses?
While ESP teachers may have some understanding of the fields in which their students work, these teachers do not have to be knowledgeable in all of these fields. A degree in law or medicine is not required of teachers in ESP courses for lawyers or doctors. In ESP, teachers’ and students’ roles are different but complementary. Teachers are the language education specialists; they know (about) English in addition to having pedagogical skills. Students, on the other hand, have some knowledge of their professional field (generally in their first language) and usually have a real motivation to learn the language (e.g., communicate with clients, read a manual, be promoted). It is not possible to generalize, however, whether they know English.
SARMENTO, S.; VIANA, V.; BOCORNY, Ana E. English for Specific Purposes (ESP). TESOL Press: 2018.
Provas
Read the following text and answer questions 39, 40 and 41.
Spain announces plans to ban social media for under -16s
Spain has become the latest European country to make plans to ban social media for children under the age of 16. The ban, which still needs parliamentary approval, is part of a raft of changes that include making company executives responsible for "illegal or harmful content" on their platforms.
Australia became the world's first country to bring in a ban last year, with others watching - and judging - its success. France, Denmark and Austria have also announced that they are considering their own national age limits.
The UK government has launched a consultation on whether to implement a ban for under-16s. Social media companies have argued that the bans would be ineffective, difficult to implement and could isolate vulnerable teenagers. Reddit is challenging Australia's ban in the High Court.
The new laws would also criminalise manipulating algorithms to amplify illegal content. The European Commission has launched an investigation into Grok [X's AI tool] over concerns it was used to create sexualised images of real people. The UK has announced its own investigation into Grok and on Tuesday in France, the offices of X were raided by the Paris prosecutor's cyber-crime unit as it looked into allegations of offences including unlawful data extraction and complicity in the possession of child pornography.
In response to the announcement, X owner Elon Musk labelled Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez as a "tyrant and traitor to the people of Spain". TikTok, Snapchat, YouTube, Reddit, Discord and Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram have all been approached for comment. France has led the charge in Europe, with President Emmanuel Macron saying he wants a ban for under-15s in place by the start of the next school year in September.
WERTHEIMER, T. Spain announces plans to ban social media for under-16s, February 4th, 2026. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ c5y2nddvmryo
Which alternative best reflects Spain’s proposition?
Provas
Read the following text and answer questions 39, 40 and 41.
Spain announces plans to ban social media for under -16s
Spain has become the latest European country to make plans to ban social media for children under the age of 16. The ban, which still needs parliamentary approval, is part of a raft of changes that include making company executives responsible for "illegal or harmful content" on their platforms.
Australia became the world's first country to bring in a ban last year, with others watching - and judging - its success. France, Denmark and Austria have also announced that they are considering their own national age limits.
The UK government has launched a consultation on whether to implement a ban for under-16s. Social media companies have argued that the bans would be ineffective, difficult to implement and could isolate vulnerable teenagers. Reddit is challenging Australia's ban in the High Court.
The new laws would also criminalise manipulating algorithms to amplify illegal content. The European Commission has launched an investigation into Grok [X's AI tool] over concerns it was used to create sexualised images of real people. The UK has announced its own investigation into Grok and on Tuesday in France, the offices of X were raided by the Paris prosecutor's cyber-crime unit as it looked into allegations of offences including unlawful data extraction and complicity in the possession of child pornography.
In response to the announcement, X owner Elon Musk labelled Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez as a "tyrant and traitor to the people of Spain". TikTok, Snapchat, YouTube, Reddit, Discord and Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram have all been approached for comment. France has led the charge in Europe, with President Emmanuel Macron saying he wants a ban for under-15s in place by the start of the next school year in September.
WERTHEIMER, T. Spain announces plans to ban social media for under-16s, February 4th, 2026. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ c5y2nddvmryo
Identify the nominal group in the sentence below, extracted from theText:
"Social media companies have argued that the bans would be ineffective, difficult to implement and could isolate vulnerable teenagers."
Provas
Read the following text and answer questions 39, 40 and 41.
Spain announces plans to ban social media for under -16s
Spain has become the latest European country to make plans to ban social media for children under the age of 16. The ban, which still needs parliamentary approval, is part of a raft of changes that include making company executives responsible for "illegal or harmful content" on their platforms.
Australia became the world's first country to bring in a ban last year, with others watching - and judging - its success. France, Denmark and Austria have also announced that they are considering their own national age limits.
The UK government has launched a consultation on whether to implement a ban for under-16s. Social media companies have argued that the bans would be ineffective, difficult to implement and could isolate vulnerable teenagers. Reddit is challenging Australia's ban in the High Court.
The new laws would also criminalise manipulating algorithms to amplify illegal content. The European Commission has launched an investigation into Grok [X's AI tool] over concerns it was used to create sexualised images of real people. The UK has announced its own investigation into Grok and on Tuesday in France, the offices of X were raided by the Paris prosecutor's cyber-crime unit as it looked into allegations of offences including unlawful data extraction and complicity in the possession of child pornography.
In response to the announcement, X owner Elon Musk labelled Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez as a "tyrant and traitor to the people of Spain". TikTok, Snapchat, YouTube, Reddit, Discord and Meta, which owns Facebook and Instagram have all been approached for comment. France has led the charge in Europe, with President Emmanuel Macron saying he wants a ban for under-15s in place by the start of the next school year in September.
WERTHEIMER, T. Spain announces plans to ban social media for under-16s, February 4th, 2026. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ c5y2nddvmryo
Which of the following alternatives has a phrasal verb?
Provas
Read the following passage from Passing, by Nella Larsen, and answer questions 35, 36 and 37.
Stepping out of the elevator that had brought her to the roof, she was led to a table just in front of a long window whose gently moving curtains suggested a cool breeze. It was, she thought, like being wafted upward on a magic carpet to another world, pleasant, quiet, and strangely remote from the sizzling one that she had left below.
LARSEN, Nella. Passing. In: The Complete Fiction of Nella Larsen – Passing, Quicksand and The Stories. New York: Anchor Books, 2001, p. 164.
The pronoun whose refers to:
Provas
In the advanced reading of scientific discourse, the ability to perform complex inferences is intrinsically linked to the decoding of specific verbal and nominal structures. Associate the linguistic features (Column I) with their respective inferential demands in the teaching-learning process (Column II):
Linguistic Analysis Support
"The crystallization of the liquid occurred rapidly."
"The results might indicate a potential failure."
"The data were collected over a six-month period."
Column I
1- Strategic Nominalization
2 - Epistemic Modality (Hedging)
3 - Passive Voice with Agent Omission
Column II
( ) Requires the reader to infer the author’s degree of caution and avoid interpreting hypotheses as absolute facts.
( ) Requires the reader to infer the objectivity of the report by focusing on the scientific process rather than the individual researcher.
( ) Requires the reader to infer complex relationships between processes that have been condensed into abstract noun phrases.
HUTCHINSON, T.; WATERS, A. English for Specific Purposes: A learning-centred approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Choose the alternative below that presents the correct sequence from top to bottom:
Provas
Caderno Container