Leslie Dickinson is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Heriot-Watt, Scotland. In her article Learner autonomy: what, why and how? a definition of autonomy, he presents the definition for autonomy.

According to her, it is correct to say that:

I. Autonomy is essentially an attitude to learning rather than a methodology.

II. Learning or learner’s autonomy is not a license to behave without constraint.

III. Autonomy is not primarily a matter of the physical setting of learning.

IV. Helping learners to become autonomous is not a threat to the teacher's job.

The correct affirmatives are:

“In the field of language teaching, the term syllabus has both practical and theoretical meanings. In a practical sense, it is an actual plan of course. In theoretical sense, it refers to a specific way to conceptualize what language is and how language is learned so that the materials can be selected and prepared for the classroom.” (CELSE-MURCIA, 2014)

The items that can be considered examples of syllabuses are:

I. Task-based syllabus, skill-based approaches, lexical syllabus

II. Negotiated syllabus, project-based language learning, lexical syllabus

III. Grammatical syllabus, notional-functional syllabus, text-based syllabus

IV. Task-based syllabus, content-based instruction, grammatical syllabus

The correct affirmatives are:

The cognitive approach is a well known one among teachers and researchers of foreign languages.

Concerning the principles of the four current approaches to language teaching that CelseMurcia presents in her book Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, the cognitive approach stablishes that:

Leffa on his book Ensino e Aprendizagem mentions the importance of differentiating learning and acquisition.

According to Leffa:

There are three preferences in common Learner Styles, according to Celse-Murcia: perceptual preference, personality preference, and processing preference.

According to perceptual preference, we can say that auditory, visual and kinesthetic are styles and the only one of them with the correct description below is:

Krashen is an important author that deals with language acquisition. In his book Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning, he shows that findings on first language influence on second language performance are quite consistent with findings and hypotheses from other apparently nonrelated areas, and that they contribute to a clear theoretical picture of second language acquisition and performance.

I. First language influence appears to be strongest in complex word order and in word-for-word translations of phrases.

II. First language influence is weaker in bound morphology.

III. First language influence seems to be strongest in acquisition poor environments.

According to his research findings, the correct affirmatives are:

Celse-Murcia, in her book Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language, stablishes central principles of four current approaches to language teaching.

The four approaches are:

According to Leffa, the ideal foreign language teacher needs to have certain characteristics.

The ideal foreign language teacher characteristics’ are:

The Communicative Approach is used by many teachers around the world and studied by many important authors including Leffa

It is NOT appropriate to say, according to Leffa, that in the Communicative Approach:

Read the text below and complete the gap.

___________, or a person’s preferred or habitual ways of learning, can affect strategy use and learners outcome. Therefore learners need to be aware of their style so they can develop style-stretching skills for learning and using a foreign language.

The alternative that best completes the sentence is