Match the first column to the second column according to what research has established in relation to language leaner and error correction.

I. Repetition

II. Explicit correction

III. Elicitation

IV. Recasts

V. Metalinguistic feedback

VI. Clarification requests

( ) refers to the […] provision of the correct form.

( ) involve the teacher’s reformulation of all or part of a student’s utterance, minus the error.

( ) indicate to students either that their utterance has been misunderstood by the teacher or that the utterance is ill-formed in some way and that repetition or a reformulation is required.

( ) contains comments, information, or questions related to the well-formedness of the student’s utterance, without explicitly providing the correct form.

( ) refers to at least three techniques that teachers use to directly elicit the correct form from the students.

( ) refers to the teacher’s repetition, in isolation, of the student’s erroneous utterance.

LIGHTBOWN, P. M. & SPADA, N. How languages are learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 104-105.

In reference to the modal verb use in the advertisement, it can be stated that:

(VEJA, 09/12/09, p. 171).

When reviewing fossilization, Brown (2007, p. 271) calls attention to two different types of feedback: Affective Feedback and Cognitive Feedback. He goes on to comment that:

Various combinations of the two major types of feedback are possible. ____________, a person can indicate positive affective feedback […]____________ give neutral ____________ negative cognitive feedback to indicate that the message itself is unclear. Negative affective feedback, _____________, regardless of the degree of cognitive feedback, will likely result in the abortion of the communication. This is, of course, consistent with the overriding affective nature of human interaction: if people are not at least affirmed in their attempts to communicate, there is little reason for continuing. ____________, one of the first requirements for meaningful communication, as has been pointed out in earlier chapters, is an affective affirmation by the other person.

BROWN, H. D. Principles of language learning and teaching. White Plains, New York: Pearson Education, 2007.

Which of the following options best completes the paragraph above?

After having discussed about terminology in language teaching field and its current application, Brown (1994, p. 160) states that:

We didn’t need a new _____________. We need instead, to get on with the business of unifying our _____________ to language teaching and of designing effective _____________ and _____________ that are informed by that _____________.

BROWN, H. D. Principles of language learning and teaching. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1994, p. 160.

26. This extract can be better completed by:

Quanto aos processos de subordinação e de coordenação, é correto afirmar que

Leia os textos a seguir.

Texto 1

Lu,

Não levarei os materiais agora, mas voltarei pra pegar. Saí atrasado pro compromisso.

Beijos do Pato

Texto 2

Pato,

Tive que voltar em casa e já levei os materiais.

Beijos

Lu

Ao ler os textos acima, há partes que ficam obscuras para leitores não envolvidos na situação, pelo fato de algumas informações, como ‘materiais’ e ‘compromisso’, serem partilhadas apenas pelos interlocutores Pato e Lu.

Com base nas noções de texto e contexto abordadas por Koch (2006), afirma-se que

Considering the vast array of question structures in the English language, which of the alternatives below best answers or completes the following sentences?

I. “That boring neighbor called you twice this morning.”

II. “I’ve just got married!”

III. “I’m in a hurry, my car broke down, and the bus is taking too long.”

IV. “Help me out,”

V. “Marianne has four siblings,”

A coesão e a coerência são fatores de textualidade. A primeira está relacionada à relação existente entre os elementos que constituem a superfície do texto e a segunda, ao estabelecimento de sentido para o texto.

Aplicando-se esses conceitos às tipologias textuais, afirma-se que, a fim de garantir a coerência,