Magna Concursos

Foram encontradas 160 questões.

Texto

Que estamos en la posverdad, como declaró el Diccionario Oxford, es una noticia de ayer para cualquiera que sigue de cerca la comunicación política. La selección fue justificada según la conclusión que los “hechos objetivos” son menos influyentes que los mensajes emotivos en la política contemporánea.

Hace tiempo que se sabe que la opinión pública está fuertemente influenciada por emociones más que por hechos aparentemente irrefutables. Las campañas electorales apelan a movilizar comunidades de sentimientos más que a educarnos en la verdad o convencernos con argumentos basados en hechos sólidos y demostrables.

Clásicamente se pensó que la verdad reside en la esencia maravillosa, inescrutable de las cosas, en el Olimpo sagrado fuera de la percepción humana. Se necesitaba conocimiento, espíritu o don particular para llegar a la verdad del bien o la belleza. Siglos después, el racionalismo y el constructivismo produjeron una concepción diferente de la verdad. La verdad es propia del mundo terrenal, de la experiencia cotidiana.

Hoy día, para llegar a la verdad no se necesita poseer ninguna virtud excepcional. La realidad es una masilla moldeada según preferencias individuales. No hay verdad única, soberana, válida para todos. Tampoco hay hechos objetivos que deban ser probados o refutados para llegar a la verdad. Si sentimos que hay inseguridad pública, ninguna estadística con datos duros puede convencernos de lo contrario. Si pensamos que la pobreza disminuyó, ¿quién precisa la opinión de los expertos? La verdad suele ser un sentimiento más que el resultado de una evaluación minuciosa y pausada de los hechos.

¿Qué hacer para que la posverdad no se trague la realidad y domine el relativismo absoluto? Apoyemos instituciones interesadas en producir datos, descubrir verdades, cotejar opiniones, y chequear barbaridades. Respetemos a quienes pugnan por la verdad, buscan evidencia para sostener afirmaciones, y actúan con mesura y responsabilidad. Bajemos los decibeles del discurso más interesado en perpetuar convicciones que en comprender los pliegues de la realidad.

Internet: <www.clarin.com> (con adaptaciones).

En relación al texto, juzgue lo siguiente ítem.

La estrategia de las campañas electorales consiste en convencer por medio de hechos comprobables.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

Texto

Que estamos en la posverdad, como declaró el Diccionario Oxford, es una noticia de ayer para cualquiera que sigue de cerca la comunicación política. La selección fue justificada según la conclusión que los “hechos objetivos” son menos influyentes que los mensajes emotivos en la política contemporánea.

Hace tiempo que se sabe que la opinión pública está fuertemente influenciada por emociones más que por hechos aparentemente irrefutables. Las campañas electorales apelan a movilizar comunidades de sentimientos más que a educarnos en la verdad o convencernos con argumentos basados en hechos sólidos y demostrables.

Clásicamente se pensó que la verdad reside en la esencia maravillosa, inescrutable de las cosas, en el Olimpo sagrado fuera de la percepción humana. Se necesitaba conocimiento, espíritu o don particular para llegar a la verdad del bien o la belleza. Siglos después, el racionalismo y el constructivismo produjeron una concepción diferente de la verdad. La verdad es propia del mundo terrenal, de la experiencia cotidiana.

Hoy día, para llegar a la verdad no se necesita poseer ninguna virtud excepcional. La realidad es una masilla moldeada según preferencias individuales. No hay verdad única, soberana, válida para todos. Tampoco hay hechos objetivos que deban ser probados o refutados para llegar a la verdad. Si sentimos que hay inseguridad pública, ninguna estadística con datos duros puede convencernos de lo contrario. Si pensamos que la pobreza disminuyó, ¿quién precisa la opinión de los expertos? La verdad suele ser un sentimiento más que el resultado de una evaluación minuciosa y pausada de los hechos.

¿Qué hacer para que la posverdad no se trague la realidad y domine el relativismo absoluto? Apoyemos instituciones interesadas en producir datos, descubrir verdades, cotejar opiniones, y chequear barbaridades. Respetemos a quienes pugnan por la verdad, buscan evidencia para sostener afirmaciones, y actúan con mesura y responsabilidad. Bajemos los decibeles del discurso más interesado en perpetuar convicciones que en comprender los pliegues de la realidad.

Internet: <www.clarin.com> (con adaptaciones).

En relación al texto, juzgue lo siguiente ítem.

La posverdad es una idea conocida para aquellos que están al día en asuntos políticos.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Texto
Que estamos en la posverdad, como declaró el Diccionario Oxford, es una noticia de ayer para cualquiera que sigue de cerca la comunicación política. La selección fue justificada según la conclusión que los “hechos objetivos” son menos influyentes que los mensajes emotivos en la política contemporánea.
Hace tiempo que se sabe que la opinión pública está fuertemente influenciada por emociones más que por hechos aparentemente irrefutables. Las campañas electorales apelan a movilizar comunidades de sentimientos más que a educarnos en la verdad o convencernos con argumentos basados en hechos sólidos y demostrables.
Clásicamente se pensó que la verdad reside en la esencia maravillosa, inescrutable de las cosas, en el Olimpo sagrado fuera de la percepción humana. Se necesitaba conocimiento, espíritu o don particular para llegar a la verdad del bien o la belleza. Siglos después, el racionalismo y el constructivismo produjeron una concepción diferente de la verdad. La verdad es propia del mundo terrenal, de la experiencia cotidiana.
Hoy día, para llegar a la verdad no se necesita poseer ninguna virtud excepcional. La realidad es una masilla moldeada según preferencias individuales. No hay verdad única, soberana, válida para todos. Tampoco hay hechos objetivos que deban ser probados o refutados para llegar a la verdad. Si sentimos que hay inseguridad pública, ninguna estadística con datos duros puede convencernos de lo contrario. Si pensamos que la pobreza disminuyó, ¿quién precisa la opinión de los expertos? La verdad suele ser un sentimiento más que el resultado de una evaluación minuciosa y pausada de los hechos.
¿Qué hacer para que la posverdad no se trague la realidad y domine el relativismo absoluto? Apoyemos instituciones interesadas en producir datos, descubrir verdades, cotejar opiniones, y chequear barbaridades. Respetemos a quienes pugnan por la verdad, buscan evidencia para sostener afirmaciones, y actúan con mesura y responsabilidad. Bajemos los decibeles del discurso más interesado en perpetuar convicciones que en comprender los pliegues de la realidad.
Internet: <www.clarin.com> (con adaptaciones).
En relación al texto, juzgue lo siguiente ítem.
En el último párrafo del texto, la expresión bajar los decibeles significa estar atento.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

Julgue o item a seguir, a respeito de lógica proposicional.

A proposição “Os Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário devem estar em constante estado de alerta sobre as ações das agências de inteligência.” pode ser corretamente representada pela expressão lógica !$ P\wedge Q \wedge R !$, em que P, Q e R são proposições simples adequadamente escolhidas.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

A sequência infinita !$ a_0 !$, !$ a_1 !$, !$ a_2 !$, !$ a_3 !$, !$ \cdots !$ é definida por !$ a_0=1 !$, !$ a_1=3 !$ e, para cada número inteiro !$ n \ge 1 !$, !$ a_{2n} =a_{2n-1}+a_{2n-2} !$, e !$ a_{2n+1} = a_{2n} - a_{2n-1} !$

Com relação a essa sequência, julgue o item seguinte.

A soma a10 + a9 é superior a 20.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas

A sequência infinita !$ a_0 !$, !$ a_1 !$, !$ a_2 !$, !$ a_3 !$, !$ \cdots !$ é definida por !$ a_0=1 !$, !$ a_1=3 !$ e, para cada número inteiro !$ n \ge 1 !$, !$ a_{2n} =a_{2n-1}+a_{2n-2} !$, e !$ a_{2n+1} = a_{2n} - a_{2n-1} !$

Com relação a essa sequência, julgue o item seguinte.

Existem infinitos valores inteiros de p e q tais que ap = aq.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts.
The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff. He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” The organization used computers to break codes rather than to surf the web as everyone else did. The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done on paper until well into the 1980s.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
In: The Economist, 12/11/2016 (adapted).
Based on text, judge the following item.
In line 14, the connector “Hence” introduces a logical conclusion.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts.
The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff. He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” The organization used computers to break codes rather than to surf the web as everyone else did. The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done on paper until well into the 1980s.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
In: The Economist, 12/11/2016 (adapted).
Based on text, judge the following item.
GCHQ experts decided to stop producing academic papers about code-breaking techniques only in the two last decades of the last century.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts.
The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff. He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” The organization used computers to break codes rather than to surf the web as everyone else did. The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done on paper until well into the 1980s.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
In: The Economist, 12/11/2016 (adapted).
Based on text, judge the following item.
The sentence “Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff” can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms: Michael Hayden enquired all his employees if he could send an electronic message.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Text
Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Their masters were the men and women in government. Today the intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists and criminals. They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts.
The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff. He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” The organization used computers to break codes rather than to surf the web as everyone else did. The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done on paper until well into the 1980s.
The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. After the attacks on America on September 11th 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists.
In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes. Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.
Western intelligence — Shaken and stirred.
In: The Economist, 12/11/2016 (adapted).
Based on text, judge the following item.
The idea expressed in “Counter-terrorism (…) is pre-emptive” can be also found in the following proverb: It is better to prevent than to cure.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas