According to Christine Goh (In: RENANDYA & WIDODO, 2016), speaking activities that foster real communication among learners can be divided into three broad categories: communication-gap tasks, discussion tasks, and monologic tasks. With this idea in mind, read the following statements:

I. Communication-gap tasks can take various forms, often involving missing information or details that one student must describe, narrate, or explain to their partner.

II. In discussion tasks, learners are expected to present their ideas individually to either one listener or an audience of listeners. Students may also speak extensively on a topic without interruptions.

III. Monologic tasks are interactive activities in which learners exchange ideas, opinions, or information on a particular topic, typically in a pair setting. When a consensus is required, students should also negotiate with one another.

IV. Monologic tasks may be done in small groups, but presenting them to the entire class is preferable, as it lowers speaker anxiety and allows peers to ask questions and offer feedback in a more spontaneous manner.

The INCORRECT affirmatives are only

According to Leffa (2016), there are different strategies to increase both the student's cognitive and affective investment in intentional vocabulary learning in L2. With this in mind, mark T for True statements and F for False ones.

( ) Students should learn new words within a meaningful context. The subjects in the student's curriculum can represent the ideal context for lexical development, making learning more authentic and communicative.

( ) There are words that are more frequent and others that will rarely be encountered by students. Considering the ease with which the most frequent terms can be identified, priority should be given to teaching and analyzing less frequent words.

( ) Regarding retention strategies, the most pertinent proposals involve a conscious effort to retain both the form and content of the word.

The correct sequence of True and False statements, from top to bottom, is

Leffa (2016) proposes analyzing the lexical development process through three dimensions, namely quantity, depth and productivity.

Regarding these three dimensions, associate the items, using the following code:

I. Quantity

II. Depth

III. Productivity

( ) Considers the evolution that goes from superficial knowledge to complex knowledge of the word.

( ) Considers lexical development along a continuum of words known by the learner.

( ) Considers the ability to establish paradigmatic, syntagmatic and collocational relationships.

( ) Considers the opposition between receptive knowledge and active knowledge of the lexicon

The correct association, from top to bottom, is

The vowel system, the consonant system, and the syllabic and accentual patterns of the English language present differences and similarities in relation to those of the Portuguese language (ALVES et al., 2020). With this in mind, mark T for True statements and F for False ones.

( ) There are more vowels in the Portuguese language compared to the English language.

( ) Regarding the consonants of the English language, there is phonetic variability depending on the syllabic position occupied by such segments within the word.

( ) The stress is distinctive in both English and Portuguese. In both languages, it can be used to differentiate verbs from nouns, for example.

( ) In the English language, words can be stressed on any syllable, unlike Portuguese, where words are stressed on one of the last three syllables.

The correct sequence of True and False statements, from top to bottom, is

It requires meaningful interaction in the target language, natural communication in which speakers are concerned not with the form of their utterances but with the messages they are conveying and understanding. Error correction and explicit teaching of rules are not relevant to it, but caretakers and native speakers can modify their utterances addressed to acquirers to help them understand, and these modifications are thought to help the process (KRASHEN, 1981).

Which process is Krashen (1981) stating about?

The agenda in language acquisition studies was set by Noam Chomsky’s assertion (1965) that language is an innately acquired faculty. Chomsky’s arguments were based upon aspects of acquisition which are difficult to account for unless genetic transmission gives the child a head start.

The correct sequence of True and False statements, according to Chomsky’s considerations on language acquisition, from top to bottom, include:

( ) the short period of time within which a child achieves grammatical competence. ( ) the lack of correction or explicit teaching by adults.

( ) the ‘poverty of the stimulus’ available to the child in the form of natural speech with its hesitations, false starts and syntactic errors.

( ) the fact that not all normally developing children acquire full competence, regardless of differences in their intellectual capacity.

Saussure, considered the “father” of Applied linguistics, establishes, in the beginning of the XIX century, four pairs of linguistic concepts, which he calls dichotomies.

The option that names his four dichotomies is

Speech is a complex system and not a complicated system. In fact, this system is organized in the service, not of meaningless bits of sound, but meaningful words and phrases, intended for symbolic communication between embodied, socially situated agents. This view is compatible with current thinking across a range of of language.

The group of words that best completes the blank is

Compared to young learners, adult learners have several advantages and a few disadvantages. Read the following characteristics (numbers) and explanations (letters):

1. Cognitively mature

2. Self directing

3. Focused on career paths

4. Psychologically vulnerable

A. Many go to school even though they may feel embarrassed.

B. This is based on the life and school experiences which help them understand the context and rules of language learning.

C. Learn best when learning something that has clear importance for future financial goals.

D. Adult learners need to select their own literacy goals to maintain interest and motivation.

Which is the correct association between numbers and letters?

Using literature as content in ESL/EFL classes has a variety of benefits. While _________literature should be primarily an enjoyable _________experience, using literature in L2 classrooms can also develop students' language _______.

The sequence of words, from left to right, that best completes the sentence above is