From a sociocultural perspective (Vygotsky, 1978), human cognition is a dynamic phenomenon that originates in social activity and is deeply situated in physical and social contexts. Within this framework, learning an additional language is not viewed as the simple internalization of grammatical rules transmitted from the outside into the learner’s mind. Instead, it is conceived as an interpsychological phenomenon before it can become intrapsychological. In other words, intersubjectivity must necessarily precede intrasubjectivity in the language learning process.

Considering this sociocultural approach to language acquisition, choose the alternative that correctly characterizes how students learn English in the classroom.