In the sentences “Dancing is an excellent aerobic exercise” and “She is dancing with her brother”, the underlined forms are gerunds.

Considering that Patricia said: “Don’t do this!” to her daughter, in reported speech, this sentence changes to “Patricia told her daughter for her not doing that.”

Considering that John asked: “How can I apply?”, in reported speech, this sentence would become: John asked how he can apply.

The sentence “I wouldn’t have to deal with pollution if I lived in the countryside” describes a real present situation.

“That morning, by the time Hugh woke up, his wife had already gone to work” implies that Hugh did not see his wife that morning.

The sentence “I have never met or spoke to your father” is gramatically correct.

In “He stopped smoking” and in “He stopped to smoke”, the meaning is the same because the verb “to stop” accepts both the infinitive and the gerund forms.

The orchestra conductor, as well as all musicians, was so upset by the audience’s reaction that he interrupted the concert to tell off the crowd.

A number of animals at the recently-opened city zoo have been mysteriously poisoned to death.

He is one of those political advisors who was interested in helping all voters to feel part of the political process.