According to Larsen-Freeman (2003), it’s possible to assert that focusing on the dynamics of language (grammaring) is very important and it helps improve teaching/ learning abilities because:

I it allows teachers/ learners to understand language as having an organic dynamism that renders it simultaneously flexible (real-time) and stable (over-time).

II teachers/ learners tend to perceive language as an idealized, objectified, atemporal “thing” that can be easily understood by the examination of its parts, which is very limited.

Looking at I and II, the most appropriate conclusion is that:

The use of “well” in the beginning of the sentence is a very common feature of cohesion in spoken discourse and is usually used for:

I softening and correcting.

II gaining time.

III referring to your own expectations.

IV indicating you don’t need any help.

The only correct ways to finish the assertion are:

About the use of -ed made by Sojourner, identify the correct and incorrect items:

( ) she uses –ed arbitrarily.

( ) she uses –ed to indicate the completeness of the actions.

( ) these words finish in –ed because they mark the perfective aspect of the verbs.

( ) these words finish in –ed because they’re adjectives.

The alternative that best represents the appropriate sequence, top-down, is: